Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup 6/2026 (Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup/Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 6 Tahun 2026 tentang Pengawasan dan Sanksi Administratif Bidang Lingkungan Hidup) is the Indonesian ministerial regulation that governs the environmental supervision of businesses and activities and the administrative sanctions imposed when they breach their environmental obligations. It was signed on 25 May 2026 by the Minister of Environment, who also heads the Environmental Control Agency (Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup, BPLH), and took effect on its promulgation on 15 June 2026.^[1][2] It implements provisions of Peraturan Pemerintah 22/2021 on environmental protection and of Peraturan Pemerintah 28/2025 on risk-based business licensing, and replaced Permen LHK 14/2024.^[3][4]

The regulation has 85 articles in eight chapters and fifteen annexes of forms and calculation methods.^[1:1][5] It assigns supervisory and sanctioning authority according to which body issued the environmental approval or licence, sets out how supervision is planned and carried out by environmental supervisory officials, and establishes five administrative sanctions: written warning, government coercion, administrative fine, suspension and revocation of the business licence or government approval.^[6][7] It forms part of the enforcement side of environmental approval in Indonesia.

Fines are capped at three billion rupiah for each violation and are paid to the state as non-tax revenue, and the two most severe sanctions do not release an operator from its civil or criminal liability.^[8][9] CRPG's regulatory tracker published six analyses of the regulation between 26 June and 1 July 2026.^{[10][11][12][13][14][15]}

¶ Background

The preamble states that supervision and administrative sanctions needed to be regulated so that they are carried out transparently, effectively, efficiently and with legal certainty, and that Permen LHK 14/2024 on the same subject no longer matched developments in legislation and had to be replaced. It names as the provisions implemented Pasal 504 huruf b, d, e and f and Pasal 526 of PP 22/2021, and Pasal 347 and Pasal 543 of PP 28/2025.^[3:1] Its legal bases include Peraturan Presiden 182/2024 on the Ministry of Environment and Peraturan Presiden 183/2024 on the BPLH, reflecting the 2024 division of the former Ministry of Environment and Forestry.^[3:2]

The chapters cover general provisions (Bab I), supervision (Bab II), administrative sanctions (Bab III), evaluation (Bab IV), the code of ethics (Bab V), guidance (Bab VI), funding (Bab VII) and closing provisions (Bab VIII).^[1:2] Pasal 1 defines an administrative sanction as an instrument of administrative law that imposes an obligation or order on, or withdraws an administrative decision from, the person responsible for a business or activity for failing to comply with environmental legislation or with a business licence (Perizinan Berusaha, PB) or government approval (Persetujuan Pemerintah). It defines the environmental supervisory official (Pejabat Fungsional Pengawas Lingkungan Hidup, PPLH) as a civil servant given full authority to carry out supervision and environmental law enforcement.^[16]

¶ Supervision

¶ Authority

Supervisory authority follows the issuer of the environmental approval (Persetujuan Lingkungan), the PB or the government approval. The minister or agency head, governors, regents and mayors, the head of the Nusantara Capital Authority and the head of the Batam free-trade-zone authority each supervise the activities whose approvals they issued, and the heads of other free-trade-zone authorities supervise detailed environmental management and monitoring plans.^[6:1] The minister may assign supervision to regional governments, taking account of workload and capacity.^[17] The minister may also supervise an activity approved by a governor, regent or mayor where the minister considers that a serious violation has occurred, meaning one that causes relatively large pollution or damage or public unrest, or where the regional government fails to supervise. Pollution or damage is relatively large where it may pose or has posed a serious threat, marked by impacts that are wide in scale or spread, difficult to restore or to prevent, or dangerous to the safety and health of many people, or by an activity that departs from the spatial plan or exceeds the environment's carrying capacity.^[18] The minister may also take over supervision, with or without a regional request, where enforcement has failed to stop repeated violations, where pollution or damage cannot be handled locally, or where environmental legislation has been breached.^[18:1]

¶ Planning

Supervision proceeds in two stages, planning and execution.^[19] Planning begins with an inventory of businesses and activities built from their approvals, their environmental management and monitoring, their ratings under the corporate environmental performance programme (Proper) and their compliance history, drawn from information systems integrated with the online single submission system (Sistem OSS) and from operators' reports.^[20] Each authority adopts an annual supervision plan, which must be set by the third week of November and uploaded to Sistem OSS, and a detailed plan naming the officials assigned and the frequency and timing of supervision.^[21]

¶ Execution

Supervision is regular or incidental. Regular supervision is carried out by field or virtual visits for activities that have operated for more than two years, are designated key national installations or regional supervision priorities, have significant environmental impacts, have a record of repeated violations, have been rated non-compliant under Proper or attract public attention; and by examining operators' reports for activities at the pre-construction or construction stage, those operating for two years or less, and those consistently rated compliant.^[22] Incidental supervision is triggered by public complaints, reports from operators or from the managers of industrial and special economic zones, indications of non-compliance, or direct assignment by the minister.^[23]

In examining compliance, a PPLH may monitor, request information, copy documents, enter premises, take photographs and audio-visual recordings, take samples, inspect equipment, installations and means of transport, and stop certain violations.^[24] A violation may be stopped where it is of moderate or serious level or threatens wider pollution or damage, for example by closing or dismantling a wastewater outlet, halting an emission source or closing a waste dumping site; the stoppage is marked with a sign or a PPLH line.^[25]

¶ Records and reports

The findings are recorded in a supervision record (berita acara pengawasan), signed by the PPLH and the operator, which in the case of a violation sets out its form, cause and effects, chronology and evidence.^[26] The record is the basis of a supervision report, which analyses the violation, states whether the activity is compliant or non-compliant, and in the latter case recommends an administrative sanction, a criminal sanction or environmental dispute settlement, or a combination of them.^[27] The report is uploaded to Sistem OSS.^[28] Operators are prohibited from obstructing supervision, including by concealing or falsifying data or threatening officials, and the PPLH must report obstruction to the environmental civil-service investigators or the police.^[29]

¶ Administrative sanctions

¶ Authority and forms

Sanctions are imposed through Sistem OSS by the authority that issued the approval, on the basis of the supervision record and report, and the power may be delegated to the responsible official or regional office.^[30] Where a governor, regent, mayor or zone authority deliberately fails to sanction a serious violation, the minister may impose the sanction directly if the supervision findings have not been acted on within seven days of receipt.^[31] The five sanctions are written warning (teguran tertulis), government coercion (paksaan pemerintah), administrative fine (denda administratif), suspension (pembekuan) of the PB or government approval, and revocation (pencabutan) of the PB or government approval, each issued as a sanction decision.^[7:1]

¶ Warning and coercion

A written warning is imposed for a minor violation and must be complied with within 30 days of receipt.^[32] Government coercion follows a failure to comply with a warning, but may be imposed without one where the same minor violation has been repeated more than twice, or where the violation poses a serious threat to people or the environment or would cause wider impacts or greater losses if not stopped at once. Its measures include temporary suspension of production, removal of production facilities, closure of wastewater or emission outlets, dismantling, seizure of equipment, temporary suspension of all or part of the activity, preparation of environmental documents, and other measures such as remediation, restoration of environmental functions or an environmental audit.^[33] Every coercion order carries a deadline set by the type and level of the violation, the complexity of the remedy and the availability of technology.^[34] If the operator fails to comply, the authority may carry out the remediation itself or through a third party, charged against the restoration guarantee fund that the operator must provide.^[35]

¶ Administrative fines

Government coercion is imposed together with a fine for seven categories of violation, among them operating without an environmental approval, exceeding wastewater or emission standards, failing to meet licence obligations related to the environmental approval, preparing an environmental impact assessment (Amdal) without a certified author, and negligently causing pollution or damage that does not endanger human health or life.^[36] The fine may not exceed Rp3,000,000,000 for each violation and is non-tax state revenue (penerimaan negara bukan pajak) to be paid into the state treasury.^[8:1]

The regulation sets a method for each category. Operating with a PB but without an environmental approval is fined at 2.5 per cent of the investment value, and operating with neither at 5 per cent, a rate that also applies to changes of technical specification, expansion of land or addition of activities outside the PB; investment value is fixed and working capital, taken from the investment ministry's records or other accountable sources.^[37] Fines for exceeding effluent or emission standards are calculated from the measured and permitted concentrations, the flow and the duration of the breach; fines for failing licence obligations are graded by the level of the violation; and the fine for an Amdal prepared by an uncertified author is 10 per cent of the cost of preparing it.^[38] For the two categories of negligent breach, exceeding ambient or damage standards and causing pollution or damage, the fine is calculated by an expert with at least five years' experience who has conducted and published research in an accredited national or an international journal.^[39] An unpaid fine is referred to the government agency responsible for collecting state receivables.^[40]

An operator that does not carry out government coercion on time incurs a late-performance fine, also non-tax state revenue.^[41] Lampiran X calculates it as the sum, over each late order, of the fines imposed with the coercion multiplied by the days of delay and a rate of 1 per cent for 1 to 10 days, 3 per cent for 11 to 20 days and 5 per cent for 21 to 30 days.^[42] The operator may apply for an exemption where the delay was caused by a natural disaster, the processing of an environmental approval, technical approval or operational feasibility letter, or the limited domestic availability of remediation or restoration technology; the application is due within 7 days of a disaster or 14 days of the other causes becoming known, and the authority examines both the cause and the operator's good faith before granting an exemption and an extension.^[43]

¶ Suspension and revocation

Suspension is imposed on an operator that fails to carry out government coercion or to pay a fine or a late-performance fine.^[44] Revocation is imposed for the same failures, for failure to meet the obligations of a suspension, or for pollution or damage that cannot be remediated or is difficult to restore; revoking the environmental approval also revokes the PB or government approval.^[45][46]

¶ Procedure and objection

Imposition passes through identification of the violation, drafting of the decision, its adoption and its delivery, which is made through Sistem OSS or, where that is unavailable, directly or by courier or registered post.^[47] An operator may object to a sanction decision; the objection must reach the issuing authority within seven days of receipt of the decision, and a late objection is not processed.^[48] The sanction continues to be enforced while the objection is decided.^[49]

¶ Follow-up supervision

The authority supervises compliance with sanctions directly, for stoppages, remediation and orders arising from serious violations, and indirectly for other obligations.^[50] The follow-up report may recommend a new sanction for a new violation, a heavier sanction, withdrawal of the sanction, or a recommendation to the issuer of the PB to suspend or revoke it, and where a crime or environmental dispute is suspected, a criminal sanction or dispute settlement.^[51][52] The resulting decisions or recommendations must be delivered within 14 days.^[52:1]

¶ Relationship to civil and criminal liability

Suspension and revocation do not release an operator from the obligations in the sanction decision, from civil liability or from criminal liability.^[9:1] Supervision reports and follow-up reports may recommend criminal sanctions and environmental dispute settlement alongside administrative sanctions, and obstruction of supervision is referred to the civil-service investigators or the police.^{[27:1][51:1][29:1]} These provisions connect the regulation to the fields surveyed at criminal law and procedure in Indonesia and, through the treatment of fines as non-tax revenue, public finance and non-tax revenue in Indonesia. The parent statute is Undang-Undang 32/2009 on environmental protection and management, which PP 22/2021 implements.^[3:3]

¶ Evaluation, ethics and funding

Each authority must evaluate its supervision and sanctioning at least once a year, against measures that include the realisation of supervision plans, the number of sanctions, the quality of reports, and changes in compliance and repeat violations.^[53] PPLH officials are bound by a code of ethics based on integrity, professionalism and responsiveness, which the professional organisation of PPLH uses to draw up its own code of ethics and code of conduct; the organisation, an ethics board chaired by the minister and an ethics council are established by the minister.^[54] Guidance by the supervising authorities covers standards, technical assistance, facilities, training, research and information systems.^[55] Supervision and sanctioning are funded from the state budget, regional budgets and other lawful, non-binding sources.^[56]

¶ Revocation of the predecessor

Pasal 84 revokes Permen LHK 14/2024 on the conduct of environmental supervision and administrative sanctions, and Pasal 85 brings the regulation into force on promulgation.^[4:1][1:3] The regulation contains no transitional provision on sanctions or supervision already under way.^[1:4]

¶ See also

• Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup 22/2025
• Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan 6/2021

¶ External links

• Permen LH/BPLH No. 6 Tahun 2026 (JDIH BPK)

¶ References