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Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup 22/2025Regulation
Full titlePeraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup/Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 22 Tahun 2025 tentang Kewenangan Penerbitan Persetujuan Lingkungan
CitationPermen LH 22/2025
JurisdictionIndonesia
Enacted byMinister of Environment / Head of the Environmental Control Agency
Signed22 October 2025
Promulgated27 October 2025
Effective27 October 2025
ImplementsPP 28/2025, Pasal 12 ayat (2)
ReplacesPasal 56 to 58 of Permen LHK 18/2021

Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup 22/2025 (Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup/Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 22 Tahun 2025 tentang Kewenangan Penerbitan Persetujuan Lingkungan) is an Indonesian ministerial regulation that allocates the authority to issue environmental approvals (persetujuan lingkungan) between the central government, provinces, districts and cities, the Nusantara Capital City Authority and the Batam free trade zone authority. It was signed by the Minister of Environment, who also heads the Environmental Control Agency, on 22 October 2025, and took effect on its promulgation on 27 October 2025.[1][2] It is part of the regime described at environmental approval in Indonesia, and its preamble ties it to Pasal 12 ayat (2) of Peraturan Pemerintah 28/2025 on risk-based business licensing, under which environmental approval follows the location of the activity.[3]

The regulation makes location the basis of authority: the Minister decides projects that cross provincial borders, lie more than twelve nautical miles offshore, cross national borders, are national strategic projects or appear on a list of high-pollution and high-risk activities; governors decide projects that cross district borders or lie within twelve nautical miles; and regents and mayors decide the rest.[4][5][6][7] Two annexes list the activities reserved to the Minister and to governors.[8][9] The Minister supervises regional issuers and may take over an application from a governor, as a governor may from a district, after two written warnings.[10] The regulation also revoked three articles of an earlier ministerial regulation on Amdal competence and feasibility testing.[11] CRPG's regulatory tracker published a three-part analysis of it in November 2025.[12][13][14]

Background

Under Undang-Undang 32/2009 as amended in 2023, an environmental approval is a decision on environmental feasibility or a statement of commitment to environmental management approved by the central or a regional government, and it is a condition of the business licence.[15] The preamble of the 2025 regulation records that every person responsible for an activity must apply for approval to the Minister, the Head of the agency, a governor or a regent or mayor according to their authority, that PP 28/2025 ties the approval to the location of the activity, and that rules on authority were needed to give legal certainty in resolving obstacles to issuance. Its legal bases include Undang-Undang 39/2008 on state ministries as amended by Undang-Undang 61/2024, PP 28/2025, and the presidential regulations establishing the Ministry of Environment and the Environmental Control Agency.[3:1]

Pasal 1 restates the definitions of the environmental instruments in use: the Amdal and its core study, the Andal; the UKL-UPL standard for activities without significant impact; the DELH and DPLH evaluation documents for activities already operating; and the SPPL statement of commitment for activities below the UKL-UPL threshold. It also defines the OSS agency and the OSS system, the Nusantara Capital City Authority and the Batam free trade zone (KPBPB).[16]

Allocation of authority

Pasal 2 lists the bodies that carry out issuance: the OSS agency, the OSS agency on behalf of the Minister and Head, the provincial and district investment offices on behalf of the governor and the regent or mayor, the Head of the Nusantara Capital City Authority and the Head of the Batam Free Trade Zone Authority. Issuance runs through the environmental information system of the ministry and agency, integrated with the OSS system; for activities that are not businesses, the Minister, governor or regent or mayor issues the approval through the same information system.[17]

Pasal 3 makes the location of the activity the basis of authority and sets five location criteria: across provinces, across districts within one province, within one district or city, within the Nusantara Capital City or Batam, and specific activities in specific locations. Authority over the last category depends on the complexity of the activity, the level of pollution, the sensitivity of the site and its strategic character.[4:1]

The Minister

Under Pasal 4, the Minister and Head decides projects on land whose footprint crosses provincial borders, on inland waters crossing or enclosing more than one province, on the sea more than twelve nautical miles from the coast, or across the national border; projects initiated by a provincial environment office; national strategic projects; and projects in specific places that are high polluters or use non-renewable resources with a high risk of damage. A high polluter is one that pollutes water with high loads, toxicity or persistence, or produces high emissions; a high-risk resource user is one whose scale, location or technology threatens extensive landscape change, habitat damage or failure. Integrated or area-wide studies, and multiple activities at one site, that span central and regional authority are decided by the Minister.[5:1] The Minister is assisted by the feasibility test team at the ministry for Amdal and by the ministry's technical units for UKL-UPL, DELH and DPLH, and may assign regional feasibility test teams or environment offices to help.[18]

Governors, regents and mayors

Governors decide projects on land crossing districts within a province, on inland waters crossing districts, on the sea within twelve nautical miles, projects initiated by a district environment office, and projects in a single district that are of economic, social or spatial importance to the province; they also decide integrated studies and multi-activity sites spanning provincial and district authority. They are assisted by the provincial feasibility test team and environment office.[19] Regents and mayors decide projects within one district or city and any other project not reserved to another authority, assisted by the district feasibility test team and environment office.[7:1]

The capital city and Batam

The Heads of the Nusantara Capital City Authority and of the Batam Free Trade Zone Authority decide projects whose footprint lies within their areas, including national strategic projects there, and may form their own feasibility test teams on the recommendation of the national feasibility test agency. A project lying partly inside and partly outside those areas falls to the Minister.[20]

Industrial estates and special economic zones

For activities within an industrial estate or a special economic zone, the environmental approval takes the form of approval of a detailed environmental management and monitoring plan (RKL-RPL Rinci), issued by the estate or zone manager and treated as equivalent to an approval of the UKL-UPL standard.[21]

Annexes

Lampiran I lists the activities reserved to the Minister in seven sectors: transport (principal and collector ports, inter-provincial ferry ports, primary hub airports and national rail infrastructure), tourism areas, energy and mineral resources (coal and metal mining at Amdal scale, submarine tailings placement, oil and gas development, refineries, power plants at Amdal scale, carbon capture and storage, and geothermal exploitation), nuclear installations and radioisotope production, the development of industrial estates, hazardous waste management and thermal waste treatment of fifty tonnes a day or more, and special economic zones.[8:1] Lampiran II lists the activities reserved to governors in ten sectors: transport, energy and mineral resources, marine affairs and fisheries, agriculture and plantations with foreign capital, forestry, toll roads, nuclear, hazardous waste, health, and all foreign-capital industry outside industrial estates and special economic zones.[9:1]

The CRPG tracker's analysis of the annexes described the Minister's industry list as covering pulp and paper, petrochemicals and smelting; in the held text that list contains only the development of industrial estates.[13:1][8:2]

Supervision and sanctions

The Minister and Head supervises issuance by governors, regents and mayors and by the two special authorities once a year or whenever needed. Where supervision finds a breach of the time commitment, or a failure to issue an approval once the administrative and substantive requirements are met, the Minister gives a written warning, at most twice; if it goes unheeded, the Minister takes over pending applications from a governor, and a governor from a regent or mayor.[10:1]

Transition

Applications declared administratively complete, or meeting the technical requirements, when the regulation took effect continue until the approval is issued.[22] Pasal 15 declared Pasal 56, Pasal 57 and Pasal 58 of Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 18 Tahun 2021 on Amdal competence certification, Amdal service providers and feasibility testing no longer in force.[11:1] The regulation took effect on promulgation; the held text leaves the date and Berita Negara number blank, and the JDIH BPK record gives 27 October 2025.[1:1][2:1] The CRPG tracker's implementation analysis treated 22 October 2025 as the date of promulgation and legal effect, and quoted a transitional clause worded differently from the held Pasal 14.[14:1][22:1]

See also

Part of a series on Environmental approval in Indonesia
Extended producer responsibility in Indonesia · Merkuri · Permen ESDM 8/2026 · Permenkes 9/2026 · Permen LH 1/2010 · Permen LH 19/2008 · Permen LH 22/2025 · Permen LH 3/2009 · Permen LH 6/2026 · Permen LHK 14/2024 · Permen LHK 15/2019 · Permen LHK 26/2020 · Permen LHK 6/2021 · Permen PUPR 3/2023 · PP 22/2021 · PP 23/2024 · PP 26/2025 · PP 28/2025 · PP 46/2017 · PP 5/2021 · Perpres 3/2016 · Septic tank regulation in Indonesia · UU 32/2009 · UU 6/2023
Identifiers Know ID K257 · Work URI /akn/id/act/permen-lh/2025/22 · RegVault PERMEN_LH_22_2025
Categories Ministerial regulations of Indonesia · Environmental law of Indonesia · Public administration of Indonesia
What links here (3)

References

  1. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 16 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 22 Oktober 2025; the promulgation date and Berita Negara number are blank in the held text). regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025 (a second copy is held as PERMENKLHBPH_22_2025). ↩︎ ↩︎

  2. [P] Permen LH/BPLH No. 22 Tahun 2025, JDIH BPK: enacted 22 October 2025, promulgated and in force 27 October 2025; revokes in part Permen LHK 18/2021 (Pasal 56 to 58). The record gives its source as "BN 2024 (873)", the year apparently being a clerical error. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/345674/permen-lhbplh-no-22-tahun-2025 ↩︎ ↩︎

  3. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, preamble, Menimbang huruf a to d and Mengingat angka 1 to 6. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  4. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 3 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  5. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 4 ayat (1) to (6). regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  6. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 6 ayat (1). regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  7. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 8. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  8. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Lampiran I (Daftar Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan yang Merupakan Kewenangan Menteri/Kepala), sectors 1 to 7. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  9. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Lampiran II (Jenis Rencana Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan yang Merupakan Kewenangan Gubernur), sectors 1 to 10. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  10. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 11 and Pasal 13. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  11. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 15. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  12. [E] "Who Decides Your Environmental Permit? Indonesia's Authority Maze Under PERMEN LH 22/2025", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 16 November 2025. https://crpg.id/permen-lh-22-2025-authority-distribution/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post is tagged on crpg.id as AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  13. [E] "Why Your Industry Classification Determines Your Environmental Approval Path", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 16 November 2025. https://crpg.id/permen-lh-22-2025-sectoral-coverage/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post is tagged on crpg.id as AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎ ↩︎

  14. [E] "Your OSS Integration Survival Guide for PERMEN LH 22/2025", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 16 November 2025. https://crpg.id/permen-lh-22-2025-oss-implementation/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post is tagged on crpg.id as AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎ ↩︎

  15. [P] UU 32/2009 as amended by UU 6/2023, Pasal 1 angka 35 (definition of Persetujuan Lingkungan) and Pasal 24 ayat (5). regulation_id UU_32_2009. ↩︎

  16. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 1 angka 1 to 16. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  17. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 2 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  18. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 5. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  19. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 6 ayat (1) to (5) and Pasal 7. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  20. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 9 and Pasal 10. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  21. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 12. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎

  22. [P] Permen LH 22/2025, Pasal 14. regulation_id PERMEN_LH_22_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎