This article was machine-drafted from the sources cited in its footnotes. It is not the official text of any law or court decision, and it is not legal advice (how articles are written).
Peraturan Pemerintah 22/2021Regulation
Full titlePeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
CitationPP 22/2021 (LN 2021 No. 32, TLN No. 6634)
JurisdictionIndonesia
Enacted byPresident of Indonesia
Signed2 February 2021
Promulgated2 February 2021
Effective2 February 2021
ImplementsUU 11/2020 (job creation), Pasal 22 and Pasal 185 huruf b; UU 32/2009
ReplacesPP 19/1999, PP 41/1999, PP 82/2001, PP 27/2012, PP 101/2014

Peraturan Pemerintah 22/2021 (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup) is an Indonesian government regulation on the implementation of environmental protection and management. It was signed by President Joko Widodo and promulgated on 2 February 2021, taking effect on that day,[1][2] and it was issued to carry out Pasal 22 and Pasal 185 huruf b of the job creation law, UU 11/2020, the first of which amended UU 32/2009 on environmental protection and management.[3] It is the principal implementing regulation of environmental approval in Indonesia.

The regulation has 534 articles in thirteen chapters (bab) and consolidates rules that had been spread across five earlier government regulations, which it revokes: those on marine pollution (PP 19/1999), air pollution (PP 41/1999), water quality (PP 82/2001), the environmental permit (PP 27/2012) and hazardous waste (PP 101/2014).[4] Its central change is to replace the free-standing environmental permit (izin lingkungan) with an environmental approval (Persetujuan Lingkungan) that is a prerequisite for, and ends together with, the business licence or government approval for the activity.[5] Approvals issued under the old regime remained valid and were folded into the new licences.[6]

Beyond environmental approval, the regulation sets the planning and control framework for water, air and marine quality, the criteria for environmental damage, the management of hazardous (B3) and non-hazardous waste, a guarantee fund for environmental restoration, an environmental information system, supervision, and the administrative sanctions that enforce all of them.[7] Much of its technical content, including the national water, air and seawater quality standards and the list of hazardous wastes, sits in annexes that are part of the regulation but are not reproduced in the text consulted for this article.[8]

CRPG's regulatory tracker published overviews of the regulation in November 2025 and, between 14 and 17 December 2025, a series of more than forty analyses of its individual chapters.[9][10]

Background

Until 2021 Indonesian environmental law was implemented through separate government regulations for each environmental medium and for the permit system, each made under UU 32/2009 or its predecessors. The job creation law of 2020 amended UU 32/2009, and the regulation's preamble states that it was made to implement Pasal 22 of that law, the article amending environmental protection and management, and Pasal 185 huruf b, which required implementing regulations to be issued.[3:1] The CRPG tracker described the result as the consolidation of five regulations into one, organised around the online single submission (OSS) licensing system introduced by the same law.[9:1]

The thirteen chapters follow the scope set in Pasal 2: general provisions (Bab I), environmental approval (Bab II), water quality (Bab III), air quality (Bab IV), marine quality (Bab V), control of environmental damage (Bab VI), hazardous and non-hazardous waste (Bab VII), the restoration guarantee fund (Bab VIII), the environmental information system (Bab IX), guidance and supervision (Bab X), administrative sanctions (Bab XI), and transitional and closing provisions (Bab XII and XIII).[7:1] Bab II and Bab VII are by far the longest, running from Pasal 3 to Pasal 106 and from Pasal 274 to Pasal 470 respectively.[1:1]

General provisions

Bab I consists of two articles. Pasal 1 defines 103 terms, from Lingkungan Hidup (the environment) to Menteri, the minister responsible for environmental protection and management.[11] The definitions include the new instruments on which the rest of the regulation turns: Persetujuan Lingkungan, defined as an environmental feasibility decision (Keputusan Kelayakan Lingkungan Hidup) or a statement of commitment to environmental management (Pernyataan Kesanggupan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup) that the central or regional government has approved; Persetujuan Teknis (technical approval), an approval setting the environmental standards, or the traffic impact analysis, applicable to an activity; and the Surat Kelayakan Operasional (SLO, certificate of operational worthiness), which states that an activity meets those standards.[11:1] Pasal 2 enumerates the ten matters the regulation governs, which correspond to its chapters.[7:2] The CRPG tracker devoted a December 2025 analysis to the definitions alone.[12]

Environmental approval

Screening: Amdal, UKL-UPL and SPPL

Under Pasal 3, every business or activity with an impact on the environment, whether important (Dampak Penting) or not, must hold an environmental approval, which may be granted to a business or to a government agency. The approval is a prerequisite for the business licence (Perizinan Berusaha) or government approval (Persetujuan Pemerintah) and is obtained either by preparing an environmental impact assessment (Amdal) and passing its feasibility test, or by completing and having examined a UKL-UPL form. It ends when the licence ends; if a licence expires without any change to the activity, it may be renewed on the existing approval, and the end of an approval is evidenced by post-operation environmental management.[5:1]

Pasal 4 sorts activities into three tiers. An Amdal is required for activities with an important impact on the environment, defined by their type and scale or by their location in or directly adjacent to a protected area (kawasan lindung); adjacency covers a project footprint that touches the protected area's boundary or an activity whose impact may, on scientific grounds, affect the area's function.[13] Activities without an important impact need environmental management and monitoring efforts (UKL-UPL), and those that fall below the UKL-UPL criteria, including micro and small enterprises without an important impact, need only a statement of commitment (SPPL).[13:1] Pasal 8 gives nine criteria of an important impact, among them changes to landform, exploitation of natural resources, processes liable to cause pollution or damage, effects on conservation areas or cultural heritage, the introduction of species, and high-risk technology.[14] The minister must review the lists of activity types in each tier at least every five years.[14:1]

Exemptions and designation

Pasal 10 exempts ten categories of activity from the Amdal requirement. Three rest on a strategic environmental assessment (kajian lingkungan hidup strategis, KLHS) made at the planning level: a location covered by a detailed spatial plan, a forest area with a forest management plan, or a government master plan, in each case where the plan carries a KLHS prepared "comprehensively and in detail". Others cover exempted activities in or next to protected areas, non-commercial government research, sites within an estate that already holds an area-wide Amdal, emergency disaster response, and restoration by government on land not subject to a business licence.[15] Exempted activities generally still need a UKL-UPL or SPPL, while businesses in an estate with an area-wide approval prepare a detailed RKL-RPL that becomes their approval; activities in an emergency disaster response, and restoration by government, need no environmental document at all.[15:1] The activities that may be exempted inside protected areas include exploration not followed by Amdal-scale activity, non-commercial research, defence activities without important impact, and cultivation by indigenous residents on a fixed area under close supervision.[15:2] Conversely, under Pasal 12 the minister may designate an activity type that would otherwise need only a UKL-UPL or SPPL as requiring an Amdal, on a written proposal from a minister, a governor, a regent or mayor, or the public.[15:3] The exemptions, and the protected-area categories they depend on, were each the subject of a separate tracker analysis.[16]

Preparing and assessing an Amdal

An Amdal is prepared by the business at the planning stage, and its location must conform to the spatial plan; a document for a non-conforming site cannot be assessed and is returned.[17] The study may take a single, integrated or area approach, depending on whether one activity, several related activities within one ecosystem, or an estate is being assessed.[17:1] Preparers must hold a competence certificate, and civil servants of environmental agencies may not prepare an Amdal except where their own agency is the proponent.[17:2] The Amdal consists of a terms-of-reference form (Formulir Kerangka Acuan), the impact analysis (Andal) and the environmental management and monitoring plans (RKL-RPL).[18]

Public involvement is limited by the text to the community directly affected by the activity, reached through an announcement and a public consultation; that community has ten working days from the announcement to submit written comments, and environmental observers, researchers or non-governmental organisations that have assisted it may be included as part of it.[18:1] The Andal and RKL-RPL are submitted through the environmental document information system, accompanied by the technical approvals for wastewater and emission standards, hazardous-waste management or traffic impact.[19] They are assessed by an environmental feasibility test team (Tim Uji Kelayakan Lingkungan Hidup) seated at national, provincial or district level, in an administrative and then a substantive stage, the latter involving the affected community, experts, sector agencies and environmental observers.[19:1] The substantive assessment has fifty working days, including revisions, and the minister, governor, or regent or mayor must decide on feasibility within ten working days of the team's recommendation; a feasibility decision is itself the environmental approval and must be announced within five working days.[19:2]

The teams are formed by the minister through a new body, the environmental feasibility test agency (Lembaga Uji Kelayakan Lingkungan Hidup), which also certifies experts and keeps a roster of them.[20] The national team hears cases licensed centrally, cases spanning national or provincial borders, and activities more than twelve nautical miles offshore.[20:1] Amdal preparation teams, whether individuals or firms, must have a certified chair and at least two certified members, certification being given through accredited training bodies and a certification body.[20:2] The tracker analysed the review procedure and the composition of the teams in separate posts.[21]

UKL-UPL and SPPL procedures

A UKL-UPL form is completed at the planning stage and, like an Amdal, cannot be examined if the site does not conform to the spatial plan.[22] Businesses use a standard-specific form where one exists in the information system, and for businesses of medium-low risk the substantive examination and the resulting approval or rejection are generated automatically through the integrated electronic licensing system.[22:1] An approved statement of commitment is the environmental approval and the basis on which the activity is later supervised.[22:2] The SPPL is integrated into the business identification number (nomor induk berusaha) issued through the same system and records the business's commitment to comply with environmental law and its basic management obligations.[22:3]

Existing activities and changes

Activities already operating without an environmental document, or with a deficient one, must prepare an environmental evaluation document (DELH) or an environmental management document (DPLH), provided their location conforms to the spatial plan; these are announced publicly and assessed through the information system.[23] An approval must be amended when the activity changes, for example through new production equipment or raw materials, added capacity or an extended site; some changes require a new environmental document and others do not.[23:1]

Water quality

Bab III applies to water in water bodies, which it defines as surface waters (rivers, lakes, swamps and other wetlands) and aquifers, and organises their management into planning, use, control and maintenance.[24] Planning follows river basins (DAS) and groundwater basins (CAT) and proceeds through an inventory of water bodies, the setting of water quality standards, the allocation of pollutant loads, and water quality protection plans at national, provincial and district level.[24:1] Surface water standards are set by reference to the national water quality standard in Lampiran VI, whereas groundwater standards are set from baseline monitoring or reference monitoring of the aquifer.[24:2] The minister sets standards after consulting the ministers responsible for water resources, energy and mineral resources, spatial planning and forestry, and may step in where a governor cannot act, as a governor may for a regent.[24:3] The text refers to water classes, requiring maintenance of class one water bodies and applying the class 2 standard wherever no standard has yet been set;[25][6:1] the tracker described the annex as a four-class system graded by designated use.[26]

On control, the central and regional governments must provide pollution control facilities for household wastewater and for runoff from non-point sources, and may assist micro and small enterprises.[27] The minister sets wastewater quality standards (Baku Mutu Air Limbah) for discharges to surface waters, discharge or use in certain geological formations and application to land, and also sets technology standards for wastewater treatment, which a business may adopt instead of designing its own technology to meet the effluent standard.[27:1] The technical approval for meeting the wastewater standard sets out the effluent parameters, the design of the treatment plant, the discharge and monitoring points, the competence of personnel and an environmental management system.[27:2] The provisions on maintenance link wastewater management to climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.[25:1] Domestic wastewater standards made under these powers are described at wastewater and sanitation regulation in Indonesia and Permen LH 11/2025; the groundwater aspects meet the abstraction regime described at groundwater regulation in Indonesia.

Air quality

Bab IV covers air quality planning, use and control. Planning comprises an air inventory, ambient air quality standards, air quality protection and management zones (WPPMU) and air quality protection plans (RPPMU).[28] The ambient standards are set in Lampiran VII, and each zone is placed in one of three classes: class I for preserving clean air, class II for settlements, commerce and agriculture, and class III for industry.[28:1] Monitoring results are compared with the zone's values to declare ambient air polluted or not; where it is polluted, the responsible authority sets a target air quality.[28:2] The air quality plans must address adaptation to and mitigation of climate change.[29]

Emission standards are set by the minister taking account of the best available technology and apply to both stationary and mobile sources.[28:3] Stationary sources are divided into activities with low emission impact, which apply the minister's standards directly, and those with high emission impact, which require a technical approval.[28:4] After a pollution control installation is built, the authority verifies it against the technical approval and issues an SLO, or orders corrections.[30] Mobile sources comprise automotive products, land transport and heavy equipment; road vehicles more than three years old must meet emission standards, the results of which are used as a basis for motor vehicle tax, and the minister also sets standards for noise, odour and vibration, which the businesses that emit them must test.[31] The tracker's analysis of mobile sources gave particular attention to the link with vehicle taxation.[32]

Marine quality

Bab V divides marine authority by distance from shore: the minister is responsible beyond twelve nautical miles and in national strategic areas, and governors within twelve nautical miles, except for oil and gas activities.[33] Seawater quality standards are set in Lampiran VIII for three designated uses, namely ports, marine tourism and marine biota, and the biota standard applies to any other use until the minister sets one.[33:1] The minister also sets damage criteria for marine ecosystems, covering mangroves (by canopy cover and density of living trees), seagrass beds (by the extent of damage) and coral reefs (by coral cover).[33:2] Marine maintenance includes preserving ecosystem functions for climate change adaptation and mitigation.[34] The tracker analysed both the seawater standards and the ecosystem damage criteria.[35]

Environmental damage control

Bab VI contains two articles. Pasal 272 lists the damage criteria (kriteria baku kerusakan) used to establish that environmental damage has occurred: those for coral reefs, mangroves and seagrass, soil for biomass production, peat, karst, forest and land fires, land damaged by mining, and others as science develops. It does not set them itself: the three marine criteria follow Pasal 231 and 232, those for soil and for peat are applied in accordance with other legislation, and the remaining four are set by ministerial regulation, with a study or expert opinion used while one has not been set.[36] Pasal 273 exempts from the fire-related criteria the clearing of land by burning on the community's own land in accordance with local wisdom (kearifan lokal), limited to two hectares per household, surrounded by firebreaks and planted with local varieties, with governments required to guide and assist the practice.[36:1] The exemption was the subject of a December 2025 tracker analysis,[37] and the peat and fire criteria connect this chapter to forestry and land use regulation in Indonesia.

Hazardous and non-hazardous waste

Bab VII, the longest chapter, begins by requiring everyone who produces waste to manage it, and divides waste management into hazardous (limbah B3) and non-hazardous (limbah nonB3) streams.[38] It forms the core of the hazardous-waste part of solid waste management law in Indonesia.

Classification

Hazardous waste is divided by hazard into category 1 and category 2, and by source into waste from non-specific sources, waste from expired, spilled or off-specification B3 and its packaging, and waste from specific sources, general or special; the listed wastes are set out in Lampiran IX.[38:1] A waste outside the list that shows hazardous characteristics (explosive, flammable, reactive, infectious, corrosive or toxic) is tested by the minister and evaluated by an expert team to decide whether it is category 1, category 2 or non-hazardous.[38:2] The tracker's analysis of the two-category system was one of eleven posts it devoted to this chapter.[39]

Storage, collection and transport

Producers must store their hazardous waste without mixing it, under standards integrated into the business identification number for SPPL activities or set out in the environmental approval for others.[40] Packaging must suit the waste's characteristics, be sealed and in good condition, and carry a label naming the waste, its producer and the dates of production and packaging.[40:1] Storage is limited to 90 days for producers of 50 kilograms a day or more; smaller producers may store category 1 waste for 180 days and category 2 waste for 365 days. A producer that cannot meet these periods, or whose storage is full, must hand the waste to a licensed collector.[40:2] Collectors need a technical approval from the minister, governor, or regent or mayor according to the scale of collection.[41] Category 1 waste must travel in closed vehicles; transporters need a transport recommendation from the minister as the basis for their business licence, and must submit the transport manifest electronically to the minister.[41:1]

Utilisation, treatment, landfilling and dumping

Treatment may be thermal, by stabilisation and solidification, or by other methods as technology develops, having regard to the technology available and environmental standards.[42] Landfilling may use final landfills, injection wells, placement back in former mining areas, or tailings dams.[42:1] Dumping hazardous waste into the environment is prohibited without the approval of the central government. The waste that may be dumped at sea is limited to tailings from mineral processing and drill cuttings from offshore drilling with synthetic-based or water-based muds,[43] and the transitional provisions required the permitted hydrocarbon content of synthetic-mud cuttings to fall from five per cent to zero by 31 December 2024.[44] The tracker treated the ocean dumping provisions, including submarine tailings disposal, in a separate analysis.[45]

Exclusion, transboundary movement and emergencies

Waste from specific sources may be excluded from hazardous-waste management if characteristic testing at an accredited laboratory shows that it does not have hazardous characteristics.[46] Exporting hazardous waste requires a notification to the government through the minister, giving the exporter, the destination and transit countries and the waste's characteristics, and waste in transit through Indonesia requires a notification submitted by the carrier through the exporting state.[46:1] Every producer, collector, transporter, user, treater and landfill operator must maintain an emergency response system comprising a prevention programme, preparedness through training and drills, and response; regional disaster management agencies prepare programmes at district and provincial scale.[47]

Non-hazardous waste

Non-hazardous waste is managed according to technical requirements, with the details written into the environmental approval. Dumping without central government approval, open burning, mixing with hazardous waste and landfilling at municipal final processing sites are prohibited.[48] The chapter provides for reduction before and after waste is generated, for utilisation as a substitute raw material, energy source or by-product (which must be stated in the environmental approval), and for landfilling in dedicated facilities that meet location, design and monitoring requirements.[48:1]

Restoration guarantee fund

Bab VIII requires every holder of an environmental approval to provide a guarantee fund (dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi lingkungan hidup) for responding to pollution or damage and for restoring environmental functions harmed by its activity.[49] Businesses place the fund in a designated state-owned bank as a time deposit, joint savings or bank guarantee, or provide it through an insurance policy or other instrument from a state-owned financial institution, while government agencies follow state finance law.[49:1] Its amount reflects the type of impact and risk, the media affected, the degree and duration of the harm and the response required. The fund may be drawn only on a government decision, may be used by a third party the government appoints, and must be topped up when spent; providing it does not release the business from its duty to control pollution and damage.[49:2] The regulation revoked the guarantee fund provisions of PP 46/2017 on environmental economic instruments and allowed up to five years for the obligation to be applied.[50][51] The tracker's analysis of the fund appeared in December 2025.[52]

Environmental information system

Bab IX requires the minister, governors, and regents and mayors to provide information through an electronically integrated environmental information system (Sistem Informasi Lingkungan Hidup), comprising subsystems for environmental documents, approval reporting, environmental status, hazardous-waste management, maps of environmentally vulnerable areas, and supervision and sanctions.[53] The document subsystem carries every stage of the approval process, from the announcement of a planned activity to the issue of the approval, and one of its stated purposes is public access to information about document assessment.[53:1] Governments report environmental status in terms of the drivers of change, the pressures, the state of the environment, the impacts and the response, and regional governments report their supervision and sanctions to the minister for integration into a national system.[53:2] The tracker described the system in a December 2025 post.[54]

Guidance and supervision

Bab X places guidance (pembinaan) and supervision (pengawasan) on the minister, governors and regents or mayors. Guidance includes awards, among them the corporate performance rating programme (PROPER) for businesses and the Adipura, Kalpataru and Adiwiyata programmes for local governments, individuals and schools.[55] Supervision is obligatory and follows the approval: the authority that issued a licence supervises compliance with it, and the tasks are carried out by environmental supervisory officials (Pejabat Pengawas Lingkungan Hidup), a functional position in the civil service.[55:1] These officials may monitor, request information, copy documents, enter premises, photograph and record, take samples, inspect equipment, installations and vehicles, and stop certain violations; they may coordinate with civil service investigators, and obstructing them is prohibited.[55:2] Supervision is direct, by regular annual plan or incidentally where criteria such as an indication of violation are met, or indirect, through review of reports and information-system data.[55:3] The tracker analysed the supervisory officials' framework in a December 2025 post.[56]

Administrative sanctions

Bab XI obliges the minister, governors, and regents and mayors to impose administrative sanctions when supervision finds a breach of the licence, the government approval or environmental law, the competent authority again being the one that issued the approval.[57] The five sanctions are a written warning, government coercion (paksaan pemerintah), an administrative fine, suspension of the business licence and revocation of the business licence, chosen with regard to effectiveness, the type of violation, the business's compliance record and the violation's effects.[57:1] Coercion normally follows an unheeded warning, but may be imposed at once where the violation threatens people or the environment seriously or would cause wider harm if not stopped; it may take the form of halting production, relocating facilities, closing discharge outlets, demolition, seizure, suspending the activity or requiring a DELH or DPLH, and restoration ordered through coercion is carried out at the business's cost, which may be met from the guarantee fund.[57:2]

Fines are calculated by criterion. Operating with a business licence but no environmental approval attracts 2.5 per cent of the investment value, and operating with neither 5 per cent, each capped at Rp3 billion; exceeding effluent or emission standards is fined by the excess pollutant load, computed from the difference between actual and permitted concentration multiplied by flow and duration; and failures to meet licence obligations are fined on a scale of minor, moderate and serious violations.[58] Suspension follows a failure to carry out coercion or pay a fine, and revocation follows continued non-compliance or pollution or damage that cannot be remedied or is hard to restore.[59] The minister may step in where a regional government deliberately fails to sanction a serious violation.[59:1] The sanctions were the subject of five posts in the tracker's December 2025 series, on the framework as a whole, written warnings, coercion, fines, and suspension and revocation.[60]

Transitional and closing provisions

Bab XII consists of Pasal 527. It kept in force environmental permits, feasibility decisions, UKL-UPL recommendations and other approved documents issued before the regulation, making them prerequisites contained in the business licence; let pending assessments continue to an approval; extended the licences and duties of the former Amdal assessment commissions until the new feasibility test teams were formed; and applied the class 2 water standard where no surface water standard had been set.[6:2] Bab XIII preserved the implementing regulations of the five revoked instruments insofar as they did not conflict with the new regulation, revoked those five instruments and the guarantee fund articles of PP 46/2017, and set deadlines: six months to form the feasibility test agency and the Amdal competence certification body, nine months for the feasibility test teams, two years to set water quality standards and pollutant load allocations and to begin emission-based vehicle taxation, and one year for the requirement that hazardous-waste operators employ certified staff.[61][44:1] Existing rules on supervision and sanctions were to be adjusted to it, and the regulation took effect on promulgation.[62] The tracker summarised the transitional regime in December 2025.[63]

Relationship to other instruments

The regulation is made under UU 32/2009 as amended by the job creation law,[3:2] and has itself been implemented by ministerial regulations. Permen LHK 5/2021, on the issue of technical approvals and SLOs for pollution control, was made to implement Pasal 162 huruf b, Pasal 219 huruf e and Pasal 271 huruf g.[64] Permen LHK 6/2021, on procedures and requirements for hazardous-waste management, applies the waste lists and test standards in the regulation's annexes.[65] Permen LH 6/2026, on environmental supervision and administrative sanctions, implements Pasal 504 and Pasal 526 together with provisions of PP 28/2025, the 2025 regulation on risk-based business licensing that makes environmental approval one of the basic requirements for a licence.[66][67]

A November 2025 tracker post presented the regulation as embedding climate considerations in environmental permitting.[68] The text's express references to climate change are in the maintenance of water quality, the air quality protection plans and the maintenance of marine quality, described above;[25:2][29:1][34:1] the wider climate framework is covered at carbon trading and climate regulation in Indonesia.

See also

CRPG coverage on crpg.id (45 posts)
Part of a series on Environmental approval in Indonesia
Extended producer responsibility in Indonesia · Merkuri · Permen ESDM 8/2026 · Permenkes 9/2026 · Permen LH 1/2010 · Permen LH 19/2008 · Permen LH 22/2025 · Permen LH 3/2009 · Permen LH 6/2026 · Permen LHK 14/2024 · Permen LHK 15/2019 · Permen LHK 26/2020 · Permen LHK 6/2021 · Permen PUPR 3/2023 · PP 22/2021 · PP 23/2024 · PP 26/2025 · PP 28/2025 · PP 46/2017 · PP 5/2021 · Perpres 3/2016 · Septic tank regulation in Indonesia · UU 32/2009 · UU 6/2023
Identifiers Know ID K158 · Work URI /akn/id/act/pp/2021/22 · RegVault PP_22_2021
Categories Government regulations of Indonesia · Environmental law of Indonesia · Waste management in Indonesia
What links here (40)

References

  1. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Closing formula: Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 2 Februari 2021 (President Joko Widodo); Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 2 Februari 2021; Lembaran Negara 2021 No. 32; Tambahan Lembaran Negara No. 6634 (elucidation). Pasal 534: in force on promulgation. Full text (body and elucidation, without annexes) held in the CRPG regulation vault under regulation_id PP_22_2021; the record PP_2021_22 holds metadata only. Chapter boundaries read from the held text. LN 2021/32, TLN 6634. ↩︎ ↩︎

  2. [P] PP No. 22 Tahun 2021, JDIH BPK (number, title, dates of enactment, promulgation and entry into force 2 February 2021; LN.2021/No.32, TLN No.6634; revokes PP 101/2014, PP 27/2012, PP 82/2001, PP 41/1999 and PP 19/1999; revokes in part PP 46/2017). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/161852/pp-no-22-tahun-2021 ↩︎

  3. [P] PP 22/2021, preamble (Menimbang: to implement Pasal 22 and Pasal 185 huruf b of Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja; Mengingat: Pasal 5 ayat (2) UUD 1945, UU 32/2009 as amended by UU 11/2020, and UU 11/2020). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  4. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 529 (revocation of PP 19/1999, PP 41/1999, PP 82/2001, PP 27/2012 and PP 101/2014). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  5. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 3 ayat (1) to (7). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  6. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 527 (transitional provisions, huruf a to g). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  7. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 2 (scope, huruf a to j). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  8. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 113 ayat (3) (Lampiran VI), Pasal 174 ayat (3) (Lampiran VII), Pasal 229 ayat (4) (Lampiran VIII) and Pasal 277 (Lampiran IX), each annex being "bagian tidak terpisahkan" of the regulation. The held text (regulation_id PP_22_2021) contains the body and the elucidation but not the annexes, which were not consulted. ↩︎

  9. [E] "What Changed in Indonesia's Environmental Law Framework in 2021?", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/what-changed-in-indonesias-environmental-law-framework-in-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎ ↩︎

  10. [E] "What Environmental Approval Requirements Apply Under PP 22/2021?", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/what-environmental-approval-requirements-apply-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id); and "B3 Waste Labeling and Packaging: Indonesia's Safety Framework Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 17 December 2025. https://crpg.id/b3-waste-labeling-and-packaging-indonesias-safety-framework-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The posts carry a notice that they are AI-generated; they are cited for the record of the development, not for their legal content. ↩︎

  11. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 1 (103 numbered definitions; Persetujuan Lingkungan; angka 93 Persetujuan Teknis; angka 94 Surat Kelayakan Operasional; angka 103 Menteri). regulation_id PP_22_2021. The OCR'd text does not preserve every definition number. ↩︎ ↩︎

  12. [E] "What Does Indonesia's Environmental Law Actually Mean? The 103 Definitions That Shape Compliance", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/what-does-indonesias-environmental-law-actually-mean-the-103-definitions-that-shape-compliance/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  13. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 4 (Amdal, UKL-UPL or SPPL), Pasal 5 ayat (1) to (5) (Amdal triggers; protected areas and adjacency), Pasal 6 (UKL-UPL) and Pasal 7 (SPPL, including micro and small enterprises). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  14. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 8 (criteria, huruf a to i) and Pasal 9 (review at least every five years). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  15. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 10 ayat (1) to (3) (exemptions, huruf a to j; KLHS "secara komprehensif dan rinci"; protected-area sub-exemptions), Pasal 11 (consequences of exemption; detailed RKL-RPL) and Pasal 12 (designation as Amdal-required on proposal). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  16. [E] "AMDAL Exemptions in Indonesian Environmental Law: The Ten Categories That Bypass Full Impact Assessment Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/amdal-exemptions-in-indonesian-environmental-law-the-ten-categories-that-bypass-full-impact-assessment-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id); and "Indonesia's Protected Area Framework: The 23-Category Classification System and AMDAL Screening Matrix Under PP 22/2021", 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/indonesias-protected-area-framework-the-23-category-classification-system-and-amdal-screening-matrix-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The posts carry a notice that they are AI-generated; they are cited for the record of the development, not for their legal content. ↩︎

  17. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 21 (planning stage; spatial conformity; return of the document), Pasal 22 (single, integrated and area approaches), Pasal 23 (competence certificate) and Pasal 24 (civil servants barred as preparers). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  18. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 26 (components), Pasal 27 (stages), Pasal 28 (involvement of the directly affected community; ten working days) and Pasal 29 ayat (2) (observers, researchers and assisting organisations). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  19. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 43 (submission; technical approvals), Pasal 44 (feasibility test teams; administrative and substantive assessment), Pasal 45 ayat (3) (parties involved), Pasal 48 (fifty working days), Pasal 49 (decision within ten working days; the decision as environmental approval) and Pasal 50 (announcement within five working days). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  20. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 67 (composition of Amdal preparation teams), Pasal 68 to 70 (certification system), Pasal 76 (the feasibility test agency and its tasks), Pasal 77 (formation of teams) and Pasal 79 ayat (1) (jurisdiction of the national team). regulation_id PP_22_2021. The heading of Pasal 67 is misrendered as "Pasal 57" in the OCR'd text. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  21. [E] "AMDAL Review and Approval Process in Indonesia: The Tim Uji Kelayakan Assessment Framework Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/amdal-review-and-approval-process-in-indonesia-the-tim-uji-kelayakan-assessment-framework-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id); and "Inside Indonesia's AMDAL Assessment Committees: Structure, Membership, and Jurisdiction of the Tim Uji Kelayakan Under PP 22/2021", 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/inside-indonesias-amdal-assessment-committees-structure-membership-and-jurisdiction-of-the-tim-uji-kelayakan-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The posts carry a notice that they are AI-generated; they are cited for the record of the development, not for their legal content. ↩︎

  22. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 52 (UKL-UPL; spatial conformity), Pasal 56 (standard-specific and standard forms), Pasal 60 (automatic examination for medium-low risk), Pasal 64 (approval as environmental approval and basis of supervision) and Pasal 66 (SPPL integrated into the business identification number; contents). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  23. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 86 to 88 (DELH and DPLH), Pasal 89 (changes requiring amendment) and Pasal 90 (with or without a new document). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  24. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 107 (water bodies; stages), Pasal 108 (DAS and CAT; planning steps), Pasal 113 (groundwater and surface water standards; Lampiran VI), Pasal 114 (coordination), Pasal 115 (step-in) and Pasal 117 to 119 (national, provincial and district plans). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  25. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 156 (maintenance of water quality, including class one water bodies; climate change control through wastewater management to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  26. [E] "Indonesia's National Freshwater Quality Standards: The Complete Four-Class System Under PP 22/2021 for Rivers, Lakes, and Surface Waters", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/indonesias-national-freshwater-quality-standards-the-complete-four-class-system-under-pp-22-2021-for-rivers-lakes-and-surface-waters/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  27. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 129 (government facilities for household wastewater and non-point runoff), Pasal 131 (wastewater quality standards by type of discharge), Pasal 132 (technology standards) and Pasal 138 ayat (1) and (2) (contents of the technical approval). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  28. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 163 and 164 (scope and planning instruments), Pasal 174 (ambient standards; Lampiran VII), Pasal 175 ayat (2) (WPPMU classes I to III), Pasal 184 (status and target air quality), Pasal 190 (emission standards; best available technology) and Pasal 191 (low and high emission impact; technical approval). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  29. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 182 huruf d (air quality plans to contain climate change adaptation and mitigation). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  30. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 201 (verification of air pollution control installations against the technical approval; SLO or order to correct). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  31. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 204 (mobile sources), Pasal 205 (automotive products and non-road sources), Pasal 206 ayat (2) and (3) (road vehicles over three years; basis for motor vehicle tax), Pasal 207 (noise, odour and vibration standards) and Pasal 208 (disturbance testing). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  32. [E] "Mobile Source Emissions in Indonesia: Automotive Products, Vehicle Testing, and Tax Integration Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 16 December 2025. https://crpg.id/mobile-source-emissions-in-indonesia-automotive-products-vehicle-testing-and-tax-integration-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  33. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 221 (marine authority by twelve nautical miles), Pasal 229 (seawater standards for ports, marine tourism and marine biota; Lampiran VIII), Pasal 230 ayat (3) (default to the biota standard), Pasal 231 and 232 (damage criteria for mangroves, seagrass and coral reefs). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  34. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 270 (maintenance of marine quality, including ecosystem functions for climate change adaptation and mitigation). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  35. [E] "Marine & Coastal Water Quality Standards in Indonesia: The Three-Category Ecosystem Protection Framework Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/marine-coastal-water-quality-standards-in-indonesia-the-three-category-ecosystem-protection-framework-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id); and "Marine Ecosystem Damage Criteria in Indonesia: The Coral, Mangrove, and Seagrass Protection Framework Under PP 22/2021", 16 December 2025. https://crpg.id/marine-ecosystem-damage-criteria-in-indonesia-the-coral-mangrove-and-seagrass-protection-framework-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The posts carry a notice that they are AI-generated; they are cited for the record of the development, not for their legal content. ↩︎

  36. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 272 ayat (1) to (6) and Pasal 273 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  37. [E] "Traditional Land Clearing in Indonesia: The Local Wisdom Exception for Burning-Based Agriculture Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 16 December 2025. https://crpg.id/traditional-land-clearing-in-indonesia-the-local-wisdom-exception-for-burning-based-agriculture-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  38. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 274 (duty to manage waste; B3 and nonB3), Pasal 275 (stages), Pasal 276 (categories and sources), Pasal 277 (Lampiran IX), Pasal 278 (characteristics and testing) and Pasal 280 (expert team evaluation). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  39. [E] "B3 Waste Classification in Indonesian Environmental Law: The Two-Category System Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/b3-waste-classification-in-indonesian-environmental-law-the-two-category-system-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  40. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 285 (storage; no mixing; standards by approval type), Pasal 292 (packaging and labelling), Pasal 296 ayat (1) huruf b (storage periods) and Pasal 298 (handover to a collector). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  41. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 301 (technical approval for collection by scale), Pasal 310 (closed vehicles for category 1), Pasal 311 (transport recommendation and business licence) and Pasal 314 ayat (1) (electronic manifest). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  42. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 343 (treatment methods) and Pasal 367 ayat (2) (landfill facilities). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  43. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 390 (prohibition without approval), Pasal 391 (approval) and Pasal 392 ayat (1) (waste that may be dumped at sea). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  44. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 531 (deadlines for institutions; water quality standards and load allocations within two years; emission-based vehicle tax after two years; certified hazardous-waste staff within one year; hydrocarbon content of synthetic-mud cuttings from 5 per cent to 0 per cent by 31 December 2024). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  45. [E] "B3 Waste Ocean Dumping in Indonesia: Submarine Tailings Disposal and Drill Cuttings Management Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 16 December 2025. https://crpg.id/b3-waste-ocean-dumping-in-indonesia-submarine-tailings-disposal-and-drill-cuttings-management-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  46. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 403 and 404 (exclusion of specific-source waste; accredited laboratory), Pasal 408 (export notification) and Pasal 409 (transit notification). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  47. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 428 (duty to maintain an emergency response system), Pasal 429 (components), Pasal 431 (programmes by operators) and Pasal 432 (district and provincial programmes). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  48. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 452 (technical requirements; details in the approval), Pasal 453 (prohibitions), Pasal 454 (reduction), Pasal 459 (utilisation), Pasal 465 and 466 (landfilling). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  49. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 471 (uses of the fund), Pasal 472 (obligation; government agencies; state bank), Pasal 473 (forms), Pasal 476 (amount), Pasal 477 (use, third parties, top-up) and Pasal 478 (no release from obligations). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  50. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 530 (revocation of the guarantee fund provisions of PP 46/2017; the article range is illegible in the OCR'd text and is given by JDIH BPK as Pasal 21 to Pasal 25). regulation_id PP_22_2021. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/161852/pp-no-22-tahun-2021 ↩︎

  51. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 532 ayat (2) (guarantee fund obligation applied at the latest five years after entry into force). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  52. [E] "Environmental Restoration Guarantee Fund: Indonesia's Financial Security Mechanism for Environmental Recovery Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/environmental-restoration-guarantee-fund-indonesias-financial-security-mechanism-for-environmental-recovery-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  53. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 480 (components of the system), Pasal 481 and 482 (the document subsystem), Pasal 484 (environmental status) and Pasal 488 (supervision and sanctions subsystem). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  54. [E] "Indonesia's Environmental Information System: The SILH Digital Infrastructure for Environmental Governance Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/indonesias-environmental-information-system-the-silh-digital-infrastructure-for-environmental-governance-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  55. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 490 ayat (4) (awards), Pasal 491 (guidance by governors), Pasal 492 and 493 (duty and authority to supervise), Pasal 494 (delegation; functional officials), Pasal 495 (powers; coordination with investigators; obstruction), Pasal 496 to 498 (direct, indirect, regular and incidental supervision) and Pasal 503 (code of ethics). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  56. [E] "Environmental Supervision Officers in Indonesia: The PPLH Framework for Compliance Monitoring and Enforcement Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 15 December 2025. https://crpg.id/environmental-supervision-officers-in-indonesia-the-pplh-framework-for-compliance-monitoring-and-enforcement-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  57. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 505 (duty to sanction), Pasal 506 (competent authority), Pasal 508 ayat (1) (five sanctions), Pasal 509 ayat (2) (considerations), Pasal 510 (written warning), Pasal 511 (government coercion; immediate coercion; forms, huruf a to h) and Pasal 512 (restoration at the business's cost; guarantee fund). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  58. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 514 ayat (1) (criteria), Pasal 515 (2.5 per cent; Rp3 billion), Pasal 516 (5 per cent; Rp3 billion), Pasal 517 (pollutant load units), Pasal 518 (minor, moderate and serious) and Pasal 520. regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  59. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 521 (suspension), Pasal 522 (revocation), Pasal 523 (second- line enforcement by the minister), Pasal 525 (lifting of sanctions) and Pasal 526 (ministerial regulation on load units, fines and procedure). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  60. [E] "Administrative Sanctions in Indonesian Environmental Law: The Complete Enforcement Framework Under PP 22/2021", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/administrative-sanctions-in-indonesian-environmental-law-the-complete-enforcement-framework-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id); and "Environmental Administrative Fines in Indonesia: The Investment-Based Penalty System and Pollutant Load Calculations Under PP 22/2021", 16 December 2025. https://crpg.id/environmental-administrative-fines-in-indonesia-the-investment-based-penalty-system-and-pollutant-load-calculations-under-pp-22-2021/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The posts carry a notice that they are AI-generated; they are cited for the record of the development, not for their legal content. ↩︎

  61. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 528 (implementing regulations of the revoked instruments), Pasal 529 (revocation) and Pasal 530 (PP 46/2017). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  62. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 533 (adjustment of rules on supervision and sanctions) and Pasal 534 (entry into force on promulgation). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  63. [E] "Transitional Provisions Under PP 22/2021: Permit Continuity, Repealed Regulations, and Implementation Timelines for Indonesia's Environmental Framework", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/transitional-provisions-under-pp-22-2021-permit-continuity-repealed-regulations-and-implementation-timelines-for-indonesias-environmental-framework/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  64. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 5 Tahun 2021 tentang Tata Cara Penerbitan Persetujuan Teknis dan Surat Kelayakan Operasional Bidang Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan, preamble (Menimbang, implementing Pasal 162 huruf b, Pasal 219 huruf e and Pasal 271 huruf g of PP 22/2021). regulation_id PERMENLHK_5_2021. ↩︎

  65. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 6 Tahun 2021 tentang Tata Cara dan Persyaratan Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, provisions referring to Lampiran IX (Tables 3 and 4) and Lampiran XIII of PP 22/2021. regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_6_2021. ↩︎

  66. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup/Kepala Badan Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 6 Tahun 2026 tentang Pengawasan dan Sanksi Administratif Bidang Lingkungan Hidup, preamble (implementing Pasal 504 huruf b, d, e and f and Pasal 526 of PP 22/2021, and Pasal 347 and Pasal 543 of PP 28/2025). regulation_id PERMENLH_6_2026. ↩︎

  67. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2025 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko, Pasal 12 ayat (1) (basic requirements: KKPR; PL; PBG and SLF). regulation_id PP_28_2025. ↩︎

  68. [E] "PP 22/2021 Embeds Climate Considerations into Environmental Permit System", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/pp-22-2021-embeds-climate-considerations-into-environmental-permit-system/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎