This article was machine-drafted from the sources cited in its footnotes. It is not the official text of any law or court decision, and it is not legal advice (how articles are written).
Trade and commodity regulation in IndonesiaTopic
FieldTrade law
JurisdictionIndonesia
Principal instrumentsUndang-Undang 7/2014 on trade, as amended by Undang-Undang 6/2023; Peraturan Pemerintah 80/2019 on trade through electronic systems; Peraturan Pemerintah 24/2026 on strategic commodity exports
Principal institutionsMinistry of Trade; Ministry of Industry; Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources; Ministry of Finance

Trade and commodity regulation in Indonesia is the body of Indonesian law that governs trade in goods and services within the country and across its borders: the supply and prices of staple and important goods, export and import controls, mandatory product standards, electronic commerce, and the governance of particular commodities such as minerals, coal, palm oil and subsidised fertiliser. Its principal statute is Undang-Undang 7/2014 on trade, signed and promulgated on 11 March 2014 and last amended by the job-creation law, Undang-Undang 6/2023.[1][2] Electronic commerce is governed by Peraturan Pemerintah 80/2019, enacted to implement Pasal 66 of the trade statute.[3]

Most of the field's detailed rules are made by the Minister of Trade, but the commodity rules cross ministries: the Minister of Industry makes national standards mandatory for particular products, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources takes part in export pricing for mining products and sets the certification duties of palm oil bioenergy producers, and presidential regulations assign the procurement and distribution of subsidised goods to state-owned enterprises. Commodity exports also fall within mining and energy regulation in Indonesia.[4][5][6]

The sections below survey the field: the statutory framework; export governance and strategic commodities; subsidised goods; standards and certification; and electronic commerce. CRPG's regulatory tracker reported the instruments surveyed here between March and September 2026.[7][8]

In its 2014 text the trade statute defines trade (Perdagangan) as the order of activities connected with transactions in goods or services within the country and across its borders, aimed at transferring rights in them for consideration, and distinguishes domestic from foreign trade. Its aims include increasing the use of domestic products, securing the distribution and availability of staple goods (Barang kebutuhan pokok) and important goods (Barang penting), increasing consumer protection and the use of Indonesian National Standards (SNI), and protecting natural resources.[9] The central and regional governments control the availability of staple and important goods, which are designated by presidential regulation; in certain conditions the government must guarantee their supply and stabilise their prices, and it may appoint a state-owned enterprise to control their availability, prices and distribution.[10]

Foreign trade is regulated through export and import policy and controls, which cover licensing, standards, and prohibitions and restrictions.[11] All goods may be exported or imported unless prohibited or restricted, and the government may restrict exports to meet domestic needs, to secure raw materials for domestic processing industry, to preserve natural resources, to increase the value added of raw materials, or to stabilise domestic prices.[12][13] Goods traded domestically must meet any SNI or technical requirement that the responsible minister has made mandatory, and businesses that trade through electronic systems must provide complete and accurate data and information on their goods and services.[14][15]

Export governance and strategic commodities

PP 24/2026, signed and promulgated on 20 May 2026 and in force from 1 June 2026, provides that designated strategic natural-resource commodities, initially coal, palm oil and ferroalloy, may be exported only by a state-owned enterprise given a special assignment for the purpose. It rests on the trade statute's export powers and on the state-owned enterprises law, and its elucidation grounds it in Pasal 33 of the 1945 Constitution. It allows the enterprise to set selling prices and a reasonable margin, provides exemptions for businesses holding contracts with the government that include investment, divestment and domestic processing commitments, and sets a transition ending no later than 31 December 2026.[16][2:1][17][18][19][20]

Mining products subject to export duty are valued under Permendag 46/2025, in force from 22 December 2025, which makes the export benchmark price (Harga Patokan Ekspor) the basis of the export price used to calculate the duty and the reference price (Harga Referensi) the basis for setting its rate. Both are fixed periodically by the Director General of Foreign Trade after coordination with other ministries and, where one is made, a proposal from the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources; the regulation replaced Permendag 8/2023 and its 2025 amendment.[5:1][21][22] The licensing, production, sales, payment, export and shipping processes of eight ministries for minerals and coal are joined in the integrated digital service established by Perpres 94/2025 of 11 September 2025, operated by the unit of the Ministry of Finance that manages the Indonesia National Single Window; coal, tin, nickel, bauxite and copper were to be integrated by 2025 at the latest.[23][24][25]

Subsidised goods

Subsidised fertiliser for farmers and fish farmers is governed by Peraturan Presiden 6/2025, signed and promulgated on 30 January 2025. The Minister of Agriculture determines the recipients, types, quantities, prices and stocks of subsidised fertiliser after a ministerial coordination meeting, and assigns procurement and distribution to the state-owned fertiliser enterprise, which is responsible for delivering the fertiliser to designated points; the regulation also places the fertiliser under supervision and provides for billing, an integrated information system and evaluation.[26][6:1][27][28] It replaced the presidential regulation of 2005, as amended in 2011, that had designated subsidised fertiliser as goods under supervision.[29]

Standards and certification

Mandatory standards follow the trade statute's rule that goods traded domestically must meet any SNI made mandatory by the responsible minister and bear the SNI mark or a certificate of conformity.[14:1] Permenperin 62/2024, signed on 15 October 2024 and in force six months after its promulgation, makes the SNI for five kinds of packaged drinking water mandatory for every business that produces, imports or distributes it; compliance is shown by an SNI certificate issued after a factory audit and product testing, and foreign producers can obtain certification only through an Indonesian legal entity acting as their representative and importer.[30][4:1][31][32]

Sustainability certification extends to palm oil, one of the strategic commodities of PP 24/2026. Permen ESDM 3/2026, in force from 21 January 2026, obliges every company producing biofuel, biomass or biogas from palm oil to obtain Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification from an accredited body against principles of legal compliance, traceability of raw materials and continuous improvement, with the obligation applying from 20 March 2027.[33][34] Retail trade meets health rules where it sells medicines: under Peraturan BPOM 5/2026, hypermarkets, supermarkets and minimarkets are among the "other facilities" whose handling of medicines the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency supervises, and they were given until 17 October 2026 to comply.[35][36]

Electronic commerce

Peraturan Pemerintah 80/2019, enacted on 20 November 2019 and promulgated on 25 November 2019, defines trade through electronic systems (Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, PMSE) as trade whose transactions are carried out through a series of electronic devices and procedures.[37][38] Permendag 19/2026, in force from 8 June 2026, implements provisions of that regulation and cites the risk-based licensing regulation, PP 28/2025, among its bases. It classifies the actors and business models of electronic commerce, requires business licences and product information, regulates platform fees, seller labels and price manipulation, sets a minimum price of USD 100 per unit for finished goods sold directly from abroad through cross-border platforms, and requires large foreign platforms to appoint a local representative. It also has chapters on electronic advertising, the prioritisation of domestic products and the use of artificial intelligence, and it replaced Permendag 31/2023.[39][40][41][42][43][44]

See also

Part of a series on Trade and commodity regulation in Indonesia
Permendag 19/2026 · Permendag 46/2025 · PP 24/2026 · Perpres 6/2025 · Perpres 94/2025
Identifiers Know ID K17
Categories Trade law of Indonesia
What links here (13)

References

  1. [P] Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan, closing formula (Disahkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 11 Maret 2014; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 11 Maret 2014). The provisions cited below are read in the 2014 text. regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  2. [P] PP 24/2026, preamble, Menimbang huruf a to d and Mengingat angka 1 to 3 (Pasal 5 ayat (2) of the 1945 Constitution; Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2003 tentang Badan Usaha Milik Negara, as last amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2025; Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan, as last amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023). regulation_id PP_24_2026. ↩︎ ↩︎

  3. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan Melalui Sistem Elektronik, preamble, Menimbang (to implement Pasal 66 of Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014). regulation_id PP_80_2019. ↩︎

  4. [P] Permenperin 62/2024, Pasal 1 angka 2 to 7 and Pasal 2 ayat (1) to (7). regulation_id PERMENPERIN_62_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎

  5. [P] Permendag 46/2025, Pasal 2 ayat (1) to (4) and Pasal 3; JDIH BPK: enacted 17 December 2025, promulgated and in force 22 December 2025. regulation_id PERMENDAG_46_2025. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/337322/permendag-no-46-tahun-2025 ↩︎ ↩︎

  6. [P] Perpres 6/2025, Pasal 5 ayat (1) to (3) and Pasal 6 ayat (1) and (2). regulation_id PERPRES_6_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎

  7. [E] "Indonesia's Integrated Digital Service for Mineral and Coal: PERPRES 94/2025", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 23 March 2026. https://crpg.id/what-are-the-key-requirements-under-perpres-94-2025/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it was drafted with AI-assisted research tools; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  8. [E] "State Enterprise Control of Strategic Commodity Exports: PP 24/2026", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 20 September 2026. https://crpg.id/state-enterprise-control-of-strategic-commodity-exports-pp-24-2026/ The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  9. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 1 angka 1 to 3 and Pasal 3. regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  10. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 25 ayat (1) and (3), Pasal 26 ayat (1) and Pasal 27. regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  11. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 38 ayat (1) and (4). regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  12. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 50 ayat (1). regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  13. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 54 ayat (2). regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  14. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 57 ayat (1) to (3) and (5). regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎ ↩︎

  15. [P] UU 7/2014, Pasal 65 ayat (1) and Pasal 66. regulation_id UU_7_2014. ↩︎

  16. [P] PP 24/2026, Pasal 1 angka 2 and 4, Pasal 2 ayat (3) and Pasal 3 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PP_24_2026. ↩︎

  17. [P] PP 24/2026, Penjelasan, I. Umum. regulation_id PP_24_2026. ↩︎

  18. [P] PP 24/2026, Pasal 3 ayat (2) and (4) and Pasal 4 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PP_24_2026. ↩︎

  19. [P] PP 24/2026, Pasal 7 huruf a to e and Pasal 8. regulation_id PP_24_2026. ↩︎

  20. [P] PP 24/2026, Pasal 10 (in force on 1 June 2026) and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 Mei 2026; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 Mei 2026; Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2026 Nomor 58). regulation_id PP_24_2026. ↩︎

  21. [P] Permendag 46/2025, Pasal 6 ayat (1) to (6). regulation_id PERMENDAG_46_2025. ↩︎

  22. [P] Permendag 46/2025, Pasal 10, revoking Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 8 Tahun 2023 (Berita Negara 2023 No. 146) as amended by Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 10 Tahun 2025 (Berita Negara 2025 No. 192). regulation_id PERMENDAG_46_2025. ↩︎

  23. [P] Perpres 94/2025, Pasal 4 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERPRES_94_2025. ↩︎

  24. [P] Perpres 94/2025, Pasal 5 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERPRES_94_2025. ↩︎

  25. [P] Perpres 94/2025, Pasal 18 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 11 September 2025; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 11 September 2025). Lembaran Negara 2025 No. 147. regulation_id PERPRES_94_2025. ↩︎

  26. [P] Perpres 6/2025, Pasal 21 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 30 Januari 2025; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 30 Januari 2025), Lembaran Negara 2025 No. 10. regulation_id PERPRES_6_2025. ↩︎

  27. [P] Perpres 6/2025, Pasal 8 to Pasal 12, Pasal 14 ayat (1) and (2), Pasal 15 ayat (1) to (3) and Pasal 16. The held text of Pasal 12 ayat (2) is partly garbled. regulation_id PERPRES_6_2025. ↩︎

  28. [P] Perpres 6/2025, Pasal 17 ayat (1) to (6). regulation_id PERPRES_6_2025. ↩︎

  29. [P] Perpres 6/2025, Pasal 19 and Pasal 20, revoking Peraturan Presiden Nomor 77 Tahun 2005 tentang Penetapan Pupuk Bersubsidi sebagai Barang dalam Pengawasan as amended by Peraturan Presiden Nomor 15 Tahun 2011. regulation_id PERPRES_6_2025. ↩︎

  30. [P] Permenperin 62/2024, Pasal 58 (in force six months after promulgation) and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2024). regulation_id PERMENPERIN_62_2024. ↩︎

  31. [P] Permenperin 62/2024, Pasal 6 to Pasal 9. regulation_id PERMENPERIN_62_2024. ↩︎

  32. [P] Permenperin 62/2024, Pasal 1 angka 11 and Pasal 11. regulation_id PERMENPERIN_62_2024. ↩︎

  33. [P] Permen ESDM 3/2026, Pasal 2 and Pasal 3; JDIH BPK: enacted 13 January 2026, promulgated and in force 21 January 2026, Berita Negara 2026 No. 46. regulation_id PERMENESDM_3_2026. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/350242/permen-esdm-no-3-tahun-2026 ↩︎

  34. [P] Permen ESDM 3/2026, Pasal 35 and Pasal 36. regulation_id PERMENESDM_3_2026. ↩︎

  35. [P] Peraturan BPOM 5/2026, Pasal 3, Pasal 4 ayat (1) to (5) and Pasal 5 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERATURAN_BPOM_5_2026. ↩︎

  36. [P] Peraturan BPOM 5/2026, Pasal 24 ayat (1) and (2). regulation_id PERATURAN_BPOM_5_2026. ↩︎

  37. [P] PP 80/2019, closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 November 2019; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 25 November 2019; Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2019 Nomor 222). regulation_id PP_80_2019. ↩︎

  38. [P] PP 80/2019, Pasal 1 angka 2. regulation_id PP_80_2019. ↩︎

  39. [P] Permendag 19/2026, preamble, Menimbang huruf a to c and Mengingat angka 1 to 9 (among them Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2014 tentang Perdagangan as last amended by Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 80 Tahun 2019 tentang Perdagangan melalui Sistem Elektronik, and Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2025 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko). regulation_id PERMENDAG_19_2026. ↩︎

  40. [P] Permendag 19/2026, Pasal 2 ayat (1) and (2) and Pasal 3. regulation_id PERMENDAG_19_2026. ↩︎

  41. [P] Permendag 19/2026, Pasal 15 ayat (1) and (2), Pasal 16 ayat (1) to (6), Pasal 17 ayat (1) to (5) and Pasal 18 ayat (1) to (6). regulation_id PERMENDAG_19_2026. ↩︎

  42. [P] Permendag 19/2026, Pasal 22 ayat (1) to (4) and Pasal 23 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PERMENDAG_19_2026. ↩︎

  43. [P] Permendag 19/2026, Pasal 27 to Pasal 35, Pasal 36 ayat (1) and (2), Pasal 47 ayat (1) to (3) and Pasal 57 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERMENDAG_19_2026. ↩︎

  44. [P] Permendag No. 19 Tahun 2026, JDIH BPK: enacted 4 June 2026, promulgated and in force 8 June 2026; revokes Permendag No. 31 Tahun 2023. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/351720/permendag-no-19-tahun-2026 ↩︎