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Peraturan Pemerintah 81/2012Regulation
Full titlePeraturan Pemerintah Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga
CitationPP 81/2012
JurisdictionIndonesia
Enacted byPresident of Indonesia
Signed12 October 2012
Promulgated15 October 2012
Effective15 October 2012
ImplementsUU 18/2008

Peraturan Pemerintah 81/2012 (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga) is the Indonesian government regulation on the management of household waste and household-type waste. It implements several provisions of UU 18/2008 on waste management, was signed by the President on 12 October 2012, and was promulgated and entered into force on 15 October 2012 as Lembaran Negara 2012 No. 188.[1][2] Within solid waste management law in Indonesia it governs the waste stream for which district and municipal governments provide services.

The regulation divides waste management into reduction and handling, and makes every person responsible for both. Reduction covers limiting, recycling and reusing waste, and producers of packaged goods carry specific obligations to be phased in over ten years through a ministerial roadmap. Handling covers sorting into at least five categories, collection, transport, processing, and final processing at landfills, most of which falls to district and municipal governments.[3][4]

It also provides for national, provincial and district waste policies and strategies, district master plans, progressive user charges, competency certification for waste workers, compensation for people affected by landfills, a networked waste information system, and public participation.[5][6][7] Two later instruments rest directly on it: Perpres 97/2017, the national policy and strategy, and Permen LHK 75/2019, the producers' roadmap.[8][9] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation and its parent law on 17 December 2025.[10]

Background

The preamble lists the provisions of UU 18/2008 that the regulation implements: Pasal 11 ayat (2), Pasal 16, Pasal 20 ayat (5), Pasal 22 ayat (2), Pasal 24 ayat (3), Pasal 25 ayat (3) and (4), and Pasal 28 ayat (3).[1:1] The elucidation describes the 2008 law as ending more than three decades of reliance on a collect-transport-dump approach centred on landfills, replacing it with reduction at source and resource recycling under the 3R principle (reduce, reuse, recycle).[11]

The regulation governs household waste, defined as waste from daily household activity excluding faeces and specific waste, and household-type waste, the same kind of waste arising in commercial, industrial and special areas and in social, public and other facilities. Its stated aims are to maintain the environment and public health and to make waste a resource.[12]

Policies, strategies and master plans

The central government sets a national policy and strategy for waste management, provinces and districts set their own, and each must contain policy directions and programmes with phased targets for reducing waste generation and for handling waste. The national policy is to be set by presidential regulation, the provincial one by governor's regulation, and the district one by regent's or mayor's regulation, each following the level above.[5:1] The national policy required by Pasal 6 was issued five years later as Perpres 97/2017.[8:1]

District and municipal governments must also prepare a master plan and feasibility study for household waste. The master plan covers limitation, recycling, reuse, sorting, collection, transport, processing, final processing and financing, and runs for at least ten years.[5:2]

Reduction and producer obligations

Pasal 10 obliges every person to reduce and handle waste. Reduction consists of limiting waste generation, recycling and reuse, carried out by using reusable, recyclable or readily decomposable materials and by collecting and returning waste from used products and packaging.[3:1]

A producer is defined as a business that makes goods using packaging, distributes imported packaged goods, or sells goods in containers that cannot or can hardly be decomposed by natural processes. Producers must limit waste by planning its limitation and by using packaging that decomposes readily and generates as little waste as possible; must recycle by running recycling programmes, using recyclable raw materials and taking back product and packaging waste; and must reuse by similar means. A producer may appoint a licensed third party to recycle, and recycling into food packaging must follow food and drug supervision rules.[13] Under Pasal 15 the shift to such materials is phased in every ten years through a roadmap set by the environment minister in coordination with the industry minister and after public consultation with producers; the roadmap was issued in 2019 as Permen LHK 75/2019.[13:1][9:1] The regulation thus supplies the legal basis for extended producer responsibility in Indonesia.

Handling

Handling consists of sorting, collection, transport, processing and final processing.[4:1] Sorting is done by every person at source, by the managers of residential, commercial, industrial and special areas and facilities, and by district governments, into at least five groups: waste containing hazardous substances or hazardous waste, readily decomposable waste, reusable waste, recyclable waste, and other waste. Area managers must provide area-scale sorting facilities, and sorting containers must be sufficient in number, labelled, and differentiated in material, shape and colour.[14]

Area managers collect waste using temporary storage sites (TPS), neighbourhood 3R sites (TPS 3R) or collection equipment, while district governments provide TPS or TPS 3R in residential areas. District governments transport waste from these sites to landfills or integrated processing sites (TPST) and may use transfer stations; provinces may supply transfer stations and vehicles where several districts process waste jointly.[14:1] Processing comprises compaction, composting, material recycling and energy recovery, and area managers must provide TPS 3R.[15]

Final processing is a district and municipal duty, using controlled landfill, sanitary landfill or environmentally sound technology. The district government must provide and operate a landfill, selecting a site consistent with spatial plans and meeting criteria on geology, hydrogeology, slope, distance from airports and settlements, protected areas and 25-year flood risk. A landfill not operated to the technical requirements set by the public works minister must be closed or rehabilitated, and waste that cannot be processed is placed in landfill.[15:1] Districts may form waste management institutions, partner with businesses or communities, or cooperate with other districts.[15:2] Leachate discharged from landfills is subject to a national quality standard set in 2016 by Permen LHK 59/2016.[16]

Charges, competence and compensation

District governments levy user charges (retribusi) on every person for handling services. The charges are set progressively by the type, characteristics and volume of waste, and their proceeds are earmarked for handling services, collection facilities, emergencies, environmental restoration, and the competence of waste managers. Every person who transports, processes or finally processes waste must hold a competency certificate.[6:1]

District governments may compensate people for the negative effects of final processing, arising from water, air or soil pollution, landslides, fires, methane explosions or other causes, through relocation, environmental restoration, health and treatment costs, sanitation and health facilities, or other forms. Compensation must be budgeted; when a district's budget is exhausted the province pays, and when the province's is exhausted the central government pays.[7:1]

Information, participation and transition

Provinces and districts must publish information on waste sources, generation, composition, characteristics and facilities, linked into a single information network coordinated by the environment minister and accessible to everyone. The public may take part in decisions, operations and supervision, including through forums of the parties concerned.[7:2] The transitional provisions gave district governments three years from entry into force to provide sorting facilities for three categories of waste, and five years for all five categories.[17]

See also

Part of a series on Solid waste management law of Indonesia
Adipura · Extended producer responsibility in Indonesia · Hazardous waste regulation in Indonesia · Permen LH 26/2012 · Permen LHK 11/2024 · Permen LHK 26/2020 · Permen LHK 59/2016 · Permen LHK 6/2021 · Permen LHK 75/2019 · PP 22/2021 · PP 81/2012 · Perpres 83/2018 · Perpres 97/2017 · UU 18/2008 · Waste banks in Indonesia · Waste processing facilities in Indonesia
Identifiers Know ID K157 · Work URI /akn/id/act/pp/2012/81 · RegVault PP_81_2012
Categories Government regulations of Indonesia · Waste management in Indonesia
What links here (13)

References

  1. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 81 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga, preamble (Menimbang), Pasal 39 and closing formula (signed 12 October 2012; promulgated 15 October 2012; Lembaran Negara 2012 No. 188). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎

  2. [P] PP No. 81 Tahun 2012, JDIH BPK (enacted 12 October 2012; promulgated and in force 15 October 2012; LN 2012 No. 188, TLN No. 5347). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/5295/pp-no-81-tahun-2012 ↩︎

  3. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 10 and Pasal 11. regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎

  4. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 16. regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎

  5. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 4 and 5 (policies and strategies at three levels; content and targets), Pasal 6–8 (instruments by which they are set) and Pasal 9 (master plan and feasibility study; at least ten years). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  6. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 29 (progressive user charges; use of proceeds) and Pasal 30 (competency certificates). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎

  7. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 31 and 32 (compensation), Pasal 34 (information system) and Pasal 35 (public participation). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  8. [P] Peraturan Presiden Nomor 97 Tahun 2017 tentang Kebijakan dan Strategi Nasional Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga dan Sampah Sejenis Sampah Rumah Tangga, preamble (Menimbang: implementing Pasal 6 PP 81/2012). regulation_id PERPRES_97_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎

  9. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.75/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/10/2019 tentang Peta Jalan Pengurangan Sampah oleh Produsen, preamble (Menimbang: implementing Pasal 15 ayat (2) PP 81/2012). regulation_id PERMENLHK_75_2019_Peta_Jalan_Sampah. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/312182/permen-lhk-no-75-tahun-2019 ↩︎ ↩︎

  10. [E] "From UU 18/2008 to PP 81/2012: Indonesia's Solid Waste Legal Hierarchy", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 17 December 2025. https://crpg.id/what-is-indonesias-solid-waste-legal-framework/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  11. [P] PP 81/2012, Penjelasan, I. Umum. regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎

  12. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 1 angka 1 and 2, Pasal 2 and Pasal 3. regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎

  13. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 1 angka 5 (producer), Pasal 12 (limitation), Pasal 13 (recycling; licensed third parties; food packaging), Pasal 14 (reuse) and Pasal 15 (ten-yearly phasing through a roadmap). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎

  14. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 17 (sorting; five groups; facilities), Pasal 18 (collection; TPS and TPS 3R), Pasal 19 (transport) and Pasal 20 (inter-district transport). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎

  15. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 21 (processing), Pasal 22 and 23 (final processing; landfill siting criteria and facilities), Pasal 24 (closure or rehabilitation), Pasal 26 (institutions, partnerships, cooperation) and Pasal 28 (residual waste to landfill). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  16. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.59/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/7/2016 tentang Baku Mutu Lindi bagi Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir Sampah, Pasal 2 and Pasal 3. regulation_id PERMENLHK_59_2016_Baku_Mutu_Lindi. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/168713/permen-lhk-no-59-tahun-2016 ↩︎

  17. [P] PP 81/2012, Pasal 38 ayat (1) and (2). regulation_id PP_81_2012. ↩︎