This article was machine-drafted from the sources cited in its footnotes. It is not the official text of any law or court decision, and it is not legal advice (how articles are written).
Hazardous waste regulation in IndonesiaConcept
FieldHazardous waste management
JurisdictionIndonesia
Principal instrumentsUU 32/2009, PP 22/2021, Permen LHK 6/2021, PP 27/2020

Hazardous waste regulation in Indonesia is the body of law governing waste that contains hazardous and toxic substances, known in Indonesian law as bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3). It runs on two tracks. Waste that is the residue of a business or activity and contains B3, called B3 waste (limbah B3), is governed by the environmental protection law, UU 32/2009, and its implementing regulations. Household and similar waste that contains B3, such as spent household chemicals, their packaging and discarded electronic goods, is a category of "specific waste" under the waste management law, UU 18/2008, and a 2020 government regulation.[1][2][3]

Under UU 32/2009 anyone who generates B3 waste must manage it, and management covers reduction, storage, collection, transport, utilisation, processing and landfilling; the import of B3 waste and its release into the environment are prohibited.[1:1][4][5] The detailed rules are in PP 22/2021 on environmental protection and management, which revoked the 2014 B3 waste regulation, and in the procedural regulation Permen LHK 6/2021. Both sort B3 waste into two hazard categories and set how long generators may store it.[6][7][8][9][10]

The household track places duties on residents, area managers, district governments and producers, and a separate health ministry regulation governs medical waste from health facilities.[11][12] The subject is part of solid waste management law in Indonesia. CRPG's regulatory tracker analysed storage requirements, household hazardous waste and medical waste in four posts in December 2025.[13][14][15][16]

Definitions and statutory basis

UU 32/2009 defines B3 as a substance, energy or other component that, because of its nature, concentration or quantity, can directly or indirectly pollute or damage the environment or endanger the environment, health and the survival of humans and other living things. B3 waste is the residue of a business or activity that contains B3, and the management of B3 waste comprises reduction, storage, collection, transport, utilisation, processing and landfilling.[1:2] Anyone who imports, generates, transports, distributes, stores, uses, disposes of, processes or landfills B3 must manage it (Pasal 58).[17]

Pasal 59 requires every person who generates B3 waste to manage the waste they generate; expired B3 is managed as B3 waste; a generator unable to manage its own waste must hand it to another party; and the management of B3 waste requires a business licence or a central or regional government approval, which must state the environmental requirements and obligations of the operator. The detail is left to a government regulation.[4:1] Pasal 69 prohibits bringing B3 banned by law into Indonesian territory, bringing B3 waste into Indonesian territory, and disposing of B3 and B3 waste into the environment.[5:1] The text of UU 32/2009 held by CRPG incorporates the amendments made by the 2023 job creation law, UU 6/2023.[4:2]

The implementing regulation for B3 waste had been PP 101/2014, issued to implement Pasal 59 ayat (7) of UU 32/2009.[18] PP 22/2021, signed and promulgated on 2 February 2021 and in force on promulgation, revoked PP 101/2014; the regulations implementing PP 101/2014 remain in force so far as they do not conflict with PP 22/2021 and until they are replaced under it.[19][6:1]

Chapter VII of PP 22/2021 governs the management of B3 and non-B3 waste. Anyone who generates waste must manage it, and the management of B3 waste covers its designation, reduction, storage, collection, transport, utilisation, processing, landfilling and dumping, exemptions, transboundary movement, the remediation of pollution and environmental damage, emergency response systems and financing.[20] By hazard, B3 waste is either category 1 or category 2. By source, it comes from non-specific sources; from expired or spilled B3, off-specification products to be discarded and used B3 packaging; or from specific sources, which are divided into general and special specific sources.[7:1] B3 waste is the waste listed in Lampiran IX of the regulation. Waste not on that list that appears to have B3 characteristics (explosive, flammable, reactive, infectious, corrosive or toxic) must be tested by the minister to identify it as category 1, category 2 or non-B3 waste.[21]

Classification and storage

Permen LHK 6/2021, signed and promulgated on 1 April 2021, regulates the procedures and requirements for determining the status of B3 waste and for its reduction, storage, collection, transport, utilisation, processing, landfilling, dumping, transboundary movement, and technical approvals.[22] Waste is classified by testing. It is category 1 if it is explosive, flammable, reactive, infectious or corrosive, or exceeds the stricter toxicity thresholds (TCLP-A or an LD50 of 50 mg/kg or less); category 2 waste falls between the two toxicity thresholds. The lists of waste from specific sources are in Lampiran IX of PP 22/2021.[9:1]

Every generator, collector, utiliser, processor and landfill operator must store B3 waste, and a generator may not mix the B3 waste it stores. For businesses that need only an environmental commitment statement (SPPL), the storage standard is integrated into the business identification number; for those requiring an environmental impact assessment (Amdal) or UKL-UPL, and for government agencies, the technical details of storage are set in the environmental approval (Persetujuan Lingkungan).[23] Storage is time-limited: 90 days from generation for waste generated at 50 kg a day or more; 180 days for category 1 waste generated at less than 50 kg a day; and 365 days for category 2 waste generated at less than 50 kg a day from non-specific or general specific sources, or for category 2 waste from special specific sources. When the period expires the generator must utilise, process or landfill the waste itself, hand it to a licensed collector, utiliser, processor or landfill operator, or export it.[10:1]

PP 22/2021 sets the same storage regime in the regulation itself. Every generator of B3 waste must store it and may not mix the waste it stores. The storage standard is integrated into the business identification number of a business that needs only an SPPL, and the technical details of storage are written into the environmental approval of a business requiring an Amdal or UKL-UPL and of a government agency.[24] The storage site must be free of flooding and not prone to natural disaster, or be engineered to protect the environment where it is not, and must be under the generator's control. Storage facilities may be buildings, tanks or containers, silos, waste piles, waste impoundments or other forms, and packaging must suit the waste's characteristics and carry the B3 waste label and symbol; the label states at least the name of the waste, the generator, and the dates on which the waste was generated and packaged.[25] Pasal 296 sets the same maximum storage periods of 90, 180 and 365 days and requires a storage report to the official who issued the environmental approval at least once every six months, and Pasal 297 requires a generator whose storage period has expired to utilise, process or landfill the waste or hand it to another party.[8:1] CRPG's regulatory tracker analysed these storage provisions in two posts in December 2025.[13:1][14:1]

Household hazardous waste

UU 18/2008 counts waste containing B3 or B3 waste among the categories of specific waste, makes the management of specific waste the responsibility of the central government, and prohibits mixing waste with hazardous and toxic waste.[2:1] The implementing regulation, PP 27/2020 on specific waste, was signed on 8 June 2020. It defines waste containing B3 (sampah yang mengandung B3) as waste from households and other areas that contains B3, arising from households, commercial, industrial, special and residential areas and social, public and other facilities, in the form of unused household products containing B3, their used packaging, electronic goods no longer in use, and other products or packaging containing B3; it excludes the residue of business activities, which remains B3 waste.[3:1]

Every person generating such waste must reduce it, and waste that cannot be recycled or reused is handed to specific-waste facilities provided or coordinated by the environment minister. Handling follows five stages: sorting, collection, transport, processing and final processing. District governments collect it from residential areas, and managers of other areas and facilities must provide a temporary collection point for specific B3 waste (TPSSS-B3) or collection equipment, register the collection point with the regent or mayor, and report annually.[11:1] Producers must limit waste containing B3 and take it back, a regime described at extended producer responsibility in Indonesia.[26] The ministry's waste bank regulation requires waste banks to sort such waste separately and forbids them to process it.[27]

Medical waste

Waste from health care is governed by health ministry rules, part of health sector regulation in Indonesia. Permenkes 18/2020 on region-based management of medical waste from health facilities, signed on 15 July 2020, requires every health facility to manage its medical waste. Internal management covers reduction and sorting, internal transport in closed wheeled carts, storage in a licensed temporary B3 waste store, and internal non-incineration treatment of certain waste to prevent misuse; external management by a licensed operator covers transport, collection, processing and landfilling. Regional governments must help facilities that cannot manage their own medical waste by providing an operator through a regional technical unit, a regional enterprise or cooperation with private firms.[12:1]

A December 2025 post on CRPG's tracker analysed medical and institutional waste through the specific-waste regulation, describing segregation, TPSSS-B3 storage, licensed transport and treatment by incineration or alternatives.[16:1]

See also

Part of a series on Solid waste management law of Indonesia
Adipura · Extended producer responsibility in Indonesia · Hazardous waste regulation in Indonesia · Permen LH 26/2012 · Permen LHK 11/2024 · Permen LHK 26/2020 · Permen LHK 59/2016 · Permen LHK 6/2021 · Permen LHK 75/2019 · PP 22/2021 · PP 81/2012 · Perpres 83/2018 · Perpres 97/2017 · UU 18/2008 · Waste banks in Indonesia · Waste processing facilities in Indonesia
Identifiers Know ID K25
Categories Waste management in Indonesia · Environmental law of Indonesia
What links here (17)

References

  1. [P] Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Pasal 1 (definitions of Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, Limbah B3 and Pengelolaan Limbah B3). regulation_id UU_32_2009. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  2. [P] Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah, Pasal 2 ayat (4), Pasal 23 ayat (1) and Pasal 29 ayat (1) huruf c. regulation_id UU_18_2008. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/39067/uu-no-18-tahun-2008 ↩︎ ↩︎

  3. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah Spesifik, Pasal 1, Pasal 2 ayat (1) and Pasal 5, and closing formula (signed 8 June 2020, promulgated 9 June 2020), LN 2020 No. 141. regulation_id PP_27_2020. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/138876/pp-no-27-tahun-2020 ↩︎ ↩︎

  4. [P] UU 32/2009, Pasal 59 ayat (1) to (7), in the consolidated text as amended by Perppu 2/2022, enacted as UU 6/2023. regulation_id UU_32_2009. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  5. [P] UU 32/2009, Pasal 69 ayat (1) huruf b, d and f. regulation_id UU_32_2009. ↩︎ ↩︎

  6. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 528 huruf e (implementing regulations of PP 101/2014 remain in force so far as they do not conflict with PP 22/2021 and have not been replaced) and Pasal 529 huruf e (PP 101/2014 revoked). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  7. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 276 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  8. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 296 ayat (1) huruf b and ayat (3), and Pasal 297 ayat (1). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  9. [P] Permen LHK 6/2021, Pasal 3 ayat (2) and Pasal 17 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_6_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  10. [P] Permen LHK 6/2021, Pasal 79 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_6_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  11. [P] PP 27/2020, Pasal 6 to Pasal 8 and Pasal 14 to Pasal 18. regulation_id PP_27_2020. ↩︎ ↩︎

  12. [P] Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 18 Tahun 2020 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Berbasis Wilayah, Pasal 2, Pasal 3, Pasal 6 and Pasal 7, and closing formula (signed 15 July 2020, promulgated 21 July 2020). regulation_id PERMENKES_18_2020. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/152561/permenkes-no-18-tahun-2020 ↩︎ ↩︎

  13. [E] "B3 Waste Storage Requirements: Indonesia's Mandatory Standards for Hazardous Waste Containment", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 14 December 2025. https://crpg.id/b3-waste-storage-requirements-indonesias-mandatory-standards-for-hazardous-waste-containment/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎ ↩︎

  14. [E] "How Long Can You Store Hazardous Waste? Indonesia's B3 Storage Timeline Framework", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 17 December 2025. https://crpg.id/how-long-can-you-store-hazardous-waste-indonesias-b3-storage-timeline-framework/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎ ↩︎

  15. [E] "Hazardous Household Waste in Indonesia: The B3 Regulatory Framework", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 17 December 2025. https://crpg.id/hazardous-household-waste-in-indonesia-the-b3-regulatory-framework/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  16. [E] "Medical and Institutional Waste: Indonesia's Specific Waste Framework", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 17 December 2025. https://crpg.id/medical-and-institutional-waste-indonesias-specific-waste-framework/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎ ↩︎

  17. [P] UU 32/2009, Pasal 58 ayat (1). regulation_id UU_32_2009. ↩︎

  18. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 101 Tahun 2014 tentang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, Menimbang (to implement Pasal 59 ayat (7) and Pasal 61 ayat (3) of UU 32/2009). regulation_id PP_101_2014. ↩︎

  19. [P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup, Pasal 534 (in force on promulgation) and closing formula (Ditetapkan and Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 2 Februari 2021); LN 2021 No. 32, TLN No. 6634. Full text (body and elucidation, without the annexes) held in the CRPG regulation vault as regulation_id PP_22_2021. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/161852/pp-no-22-tahun-2021 ↩︎

  20. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 274 and Pasal 275. regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  21. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 277 and Pasal 278 ayat (1) and (2); the annexes are not held in the CRPG regulation vault and Lampiran IX was not consulted. regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  22. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 6 Tahun 2021 tentang Tata Cara dan Persyaratan Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun, Pasal 2 and closing formula (signed and promulgated 1 April 2021). regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_6_2021. ↩︎

  23. [P] Permen LHK 6/2021, Pasal 51 ayat (1), (3) and (4). regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_6_2021. ↩︎

  24. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 285 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  25. [P] PP 22/2021, Pasal 286, Pasal 287 ayat (1) to (3), Pasal 288 ayat (1) and Pasal 292 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PP_22_2021. ↩︎

  26. [P] PP 27/2020, Pasal 10 to Pasal 13. regulation_id PP_27_2020. ↩︎

  27. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 14 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah pada Bank Sampah, Pasal 6 ayat (1) and (2) and Pasal 9 ayat (5). regulation_id PERMENLHK_14_2021_Bank_Sampah. ↩︎