Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan 6/2026 (Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan Nomor 6 Tahun 2026 tentang Tata Cara Perdagangan Karbon Melalui Offset Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Sektor Kehutanan) is an Indonesian ministerial regulation that sets the procedures for carbon trading in the forestry sector through greenhouse gas emission offsets. It was signed by the Minister of Forestry on 6 April 2026 and took effect on its promulgation on 13 April 2026.^[1][2] It was issued to implement five provisions of Peraturan Presiden 110/2025 on the carbon economic value instrument, and forms part of the body of rules described at carbon trading and climate regulation in Indonesia and forestry and land use regulation in Indonesia.^[3]

The regulation makes the minister responsible for a forestry carbon trading roadmap and names three kinds of party that may trade forestry offsets: business actors, the minister and provincial governors.^[4] A business actor may trade only a carbon unit, either a domestic emission reduction certificate issued by the environment minister on the forestry minister's recommendation or a unit issued under an international standard with the forestry minister's approval.^[5] The regulation sets the documents, review periods and grounds of refusal for each route, including a bar on applicants under administrative sanction, and a separate recommendation for cross-border trades that need authorisation and a corresponding adjustment.^[6][7]

It also provides for jurisdictional programmes run by the minister and governors, for validation and verification bodies, for social, environmental and governance safeguards, for a public complaints mechanism, for non-tax state revenue on offset transactions, and for reporting and annual evaluation. It revoked Permen LHK 7/2023 on forestry-sector carbon trading.^[8] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation in July 2026.^[9]

¶ Background

The preamble states that the regulation implements Pasal 64, Pasal 68 ayat (4), Pasal 76 ayat (4), Pasal 86 and Pasal 94 ayat (6) of Perpres 110/2025, the presidential regulation of October 2025 on the carbon economic value instrument (Nilai Ekonomi Karbon, NEK) and national greenhouse gas emission control, which revoked Perpres 98/2021.^[3:1][10] The regulation cites among its legal bases Perpres 175/2024 on the Ministry of Forestry.^[3:2] Its predecessor, Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 7 Tahun 2023 on forestry-sector carbon trading, was revoked when the new regulation came into force.^[8:1]

Pasal 1 defines carbon trading as a market-based mechanism to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through the sale and purchase of carbon units, and an emission offset (Offset Emisi GRK) as a reduction made by a business or activity to compensate for emissions made elsewhere. A carbon unit is a certified reduction or removal of emissions, or an emission quota, expressed in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent.^[11]

¶ Roadmap and parties

Pasal 2 to Pasal 4 require the minister to prepare and set a forestry carbon trading roadmap by ministerial decree, after analysing NEK data at national, provincial and sector level and reviewing mitigation plans against Indonesia's Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The roadmap must state the emissions or removals baseline, the offset period, the performance measurement period and the offset targets, which Pasal 4 sets at no less than 48.69 million hectares of forest for mitigation through emission reduction and no less than 3.5 million hectares of critical or damaged land for mitigation through removals.^[4:1] Pasal 63 requires the roadmap to be set within one year of entry into force; until then, Pasal 59 applies the forestry carbon trading roadmap set by Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan SK.1027/MENLHK/PHL/KUM.1/9/2023.^[12]

Under Pasal 6, the business actors that may trade are holders of forest utilisation business licences (PBPH) and management rights, holders of social forestry management approvals, customary-law communities holding a determination of customary forest (hutan adat), holders of registered private forest (hutan hak) and holders of a business licence for carbon environmental services (PB-PJL Karbon), which covers the utilisation zones and blocks of nature conservation areas and hunting parks. Social forestry groups, customary communities and private forest holders must be accompanied by a registered partner or facilitator, and may act jointly, within or outside the integrated area development scheme for social forestry.^[13] Pasal 9 lists the areas from which tradable carbon may come: licensed production forest and the utilisation blocks of protection forest, unlicensed utilisation zones of conservation areas and hunting parks, customary forest, private forest, and state forest outside the forest estate.^[13:1]

¶ Certification routes

Pasal 10 requires a business actor to hold a carbon unit before trading. The domestic route leads to an emission reduction certificate (Sertifikat Pengurangan Emisi GRK, SPE GRK), recorded in the national carbon unit registry, and begins with an application to the forestry minister for registration of a mitigation action design document (Dokumen Rancangan Aksi Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim, DRAM). The DRAM must cover the mitigation plan and methodology, environmental and sustainable development impacts, public consultation, additionality, community involvement, an agreed carbon benefit-sharing plan, biodiversity and reversal risks, and free, prior and informed consent (Padiatapa). Its completeness is checked electronically within five working days.^[14]

The application for a recommendation to issue the certificate must report independent validation of the DRAM, implementation of the action and independent verification of its results.^[15] Under Pasal 16 the ministry examines not only the completeness of the file but the applicant's compliance history and any administrative sanctions, within fourteen working days, through a senior official chosen by the category of applicant: sustainable forest management for PBPH and management-right holders, social forestry for social forestry, customary forest and private forest holders, and conservation for PB-PJL Karbon holders. A complete file from an applicant not under sanction goes forward for a recommendation; an incomplete one is returned for correction within fourteen working days; an applicant under sanction is proposed for refusal and may not apply again until the sanction is lifted.^[6:1] The recommendation is issued by ministerial decree, and the certificate itself is then sought from the environment minister.^[16] Certified units may be sold to emitters that exceed their emission cap in a period, to businesses offsetting voluntarily, or to the public.^[16:1]

The international route, for units issued under an international standard (non-SPE GRK), uses a project planning document (Dokumen Perencanaan Proyek, DPP) in place of the DRAM and applies the domestic procedures mutatis mutandis. The minister's approval for issuance by the international standard is valid for six months and is submitted by the project proponent to the standard body.^[17]

¶ Cross-border trade

Pasal 25 allows a business actor holding carbon units to trade abroad. Where the trade requires authorisation and a corresponding adjustment, the accounting entry that removes transferred units from Indonesia's NDC to avoid double counting, the business actor first applies to the forestry minister for a recommendation, attaching the offset cooperation agreement. The minister assesses the number of units to be traded against the needs of NDC achievement and either recommends a number of units for adjustment or declines to recommend, within seven working days; the authorisation itself is then sought from the environment minister.^[7:1][11:1]

¶ Trading by the minister and governors

Chapter III allows the minister and provincial governors to trade carbon from jurisdictional programmes, including from areas already under licence, customary forest or private forest, where the trade follows an agreement with the holder. Carbon from a jurisdictional programme must be nested, aligning national, provincial and project accounting to prevent double counting and double claims, and the trade is carried out by a designated public service agency (BLU), an environmental fund manager established by the government, or another body established for the purpose.^[18] The minister prepares and registers the design documents, has them validated and verified by independent bodies, and then applies for an SPE GRK or notifies the international standard; governors apply to the minister under the procedures that govern business actors.^[19] Until rules on jurisdictional mitigation are enacted, Pasal 62 allows bodies designated by the minister or a governor to trade jurisdictional carbon and surplus units from results-based payments under international standards.^[12:1]

¶ Safeguards, validation and verification

Pasal 28 obliges business actors trading forestry offsets to apply social, environmental and governance safeguards covering legal compliance, forest governance, the rights of customary and local communities, participation, natural forest and biodiversity conservation, reversal risk and emission displacement, and to report on them to the minister. Pasal 29 requires a risk management system.^[20]

Every forestry carbon unit must be validated and verified by an independent body that is a legal entity, employs competent validators and verifiers, preferably Indonesian nationals, and is accredited by the national accreditation committee for the domestic registry or by an international accreditation body for international schemes. For social forestry, customary forest and private forest holders, individual experts registered with an international accreditation body may also validate and verify. Validation examines the baseline, additionality and carbon calculations; verification compares the results with the targets set at planning, and both reports are copied to the minister.^[21]

¶ Revenue, complaints and oversight

Pasal 46 makes forestry carbon trading transactions subject to non-tax state revenue (penerimaan negara bukan pajak, PNBP) on forest utilisation for carbon sequestration and storage, paid through the PNBP information system, with the type and rate left to other legislation.^[22] Pasal 48 to Pasal 50 require the minister to provide a manual and electronic complaints mechanism that is accessible, transparent and responsive, with procedures for receipt, verification and resolution set out in technical guidance.^[23]

Parties that trade must report electronically to the minister, with copies to the governor, regent or mayor, the forest management unit and the technical unit, on the trades, community participation, benefit sharing and the handling of complaints; the reports are the basis of an evaluation held at least once a year.^[24] The minister must also monitor, provide guidance, ensure public access to information on forestry carbon trading, facilitate communities including customary-law communities, and may form a methodology panel.^[25]

¶ Transitional provisions

Proponents that had reached validation, implementation, verification or reporting, or that held carbon units not yet traded, were required to report to the minister within six months of promulgation, and design documents are registered through the ministry's electronic system until the national carbon unit registry is fully operational.^[12:2] Pasal 64 revoked Permen LHK 7/2023 and Pasal 65 brought the regulation into force on the date of promulgation.^[8:2][1:1]

¶ See also

• Permenhut 7/2026
• Permen LHK 21/2022
• Undang-Undang 41/1999

¶ External links

• Permenhut No. 6 Tahun 2026 (JDIH BPK)
• CRPG: Forestry Sector Carbon Trading Through GHG Offsets: PERMENHUT 6/2026 (crpg.id, 28 July 2026)

¶ References