| Full title | Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.14/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017 tentang Tata Cara Inventarisasi dan Penetapan Fungsi Ekosistem Gambut |
|---|---|
| Citation | Permen LHK 14/2017 |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Enacted by | Minister of Environment and Forestry |
| Signed | 9 February 2017 |
| Promulgated | 27 February 2017 |
| Effective | 27 February 2017 |
| Implements | Pasal 8 and Pasal 13 of PP 71/2014, as amended by PP 57/2016 |
Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan 14/2017 (Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.14/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017 tentang Tata Cara Inventarisasi dan Penetapan Fungsi Ekosistem Gambut) is an Indonesian ministerial regulation that sets the procedure for inventorying peat ecosystems and for designating each part of them as having either a protection function or a cultivation function. It was signed by the Minister of Environment and Forestry on 9 February 2017 and took effect on its promulgation on 27 February 2017.[1][2] It was issued to implement Pasal 8 and Pasal 13 of Peraturan Pemerintah 71/2014 on the protection and management of peat ecosystems, as amended by Peraturan Pemerintah 57/2016, and belongs to the peatland rules surveyed at forestry and land use regulation in Indonesia and carbon trading and climate regulation in Indonesia.[3]
The regulation provides for a national inventory of peat ecosystems, conducted by a director-general of the ministry, which ends in a ministerial decision fixing the peat hydrological units (Kesatuan Hidrologis Gambut) and their map, and a second decision fixing the functions of the ecosystem within them. Peat at least three metres deep, peat in protected areas and peat under a moratorium is assigned the protection function, which must cover at least 30 per cent of each hydrological unit starting from the peak of a peat dome; the rest is assigned the cultivation function.[4][5] Provincial and district inventories refine the national maps to a scale of 1:50,000 through field surveys on a fixed grid of transects.[6][7]
A cultivation area may later be redesignated for protection on ecological grounds. Businesses must revise their work plans and apply to amend their environmental permits to match the designated functions, on pain of administrative sanctions, and a business whose concession area is 40 per cent or more designated for protection may apply for a substitute area (land swap).[8][9][10] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation in November 2025.[11]
The preamble states that peat ecosystems are vulnerable and have suffered damage, and that protection measures are needed so that their ecological functions in supporting biodiversity, water management, carbon storage, oxygen production and climate balance can be maintained. It cites Pasal 8 and Pasal 13 of PP 71/2014, as amended by PP 57/2016, as requiring a procedure for inventorying peat ecosystems and designating their functions as part of peat ecosystem protection and management planning.[3:1] Pasal 2 states the same purpose: the inventory and the designation of functions are inputs for the plan for the protection and management of the peat ecosystem.[12]
The regulation's legal bases include the Forestry Law, UU 41/1999, the environmental protection and management law, UU 32/2009, the regional government law of 2014, the plantation law of 2014, and PP 27/2012 on environmental permits.[3:2] It was signed on the same day as a companion regulation, Permen LHK P.15/2017, which sets the procedure for measuring the groundwater level at compliance points in peat ecosystems.[13]
Pasal 1 defines peat (gambut) as naturally formed organic material from incompletely decomposed plant remains, 50 centimetres or more thick and accumulated in a swamp. A peat hydrological unit is a peat ecosystem lying between two rivers, between a river and the sea, or in a swamp. The function of a peat ecosystem is divided into a protection function (fungsi lindung), whose main role is protecting the water balance, storing carbon and conserving biodiversity, and a cultivation function (fungsi budidaya), which supports the productivity of the ecosystem through cultivation within its carrying capacity. A peat dome (kubah gambut) is the part of a hydrological unit whose surface lies higher than its surroundings, and which therefore absorbs and stores more water and supplies it to the surrounding area.[14] Under Pasal 3 the regulation covers three procedures: the inventory and designation of the final map of peat hydrological units, the designation of peat ecosystem functions, and the change of a designated function.[12:1]
The national inventory draws on the indicative national peat map annexed to PP 71/2014, the 1:250,000 national peatland map of the Ministry of Agriculture's land resources centre, river network and contour data, land-cover maps from medium-resolution remote sensing, a 30-metre digital elevation model, landform and watershed maps, and other valid geospatial sources.[15] The director-general responsible for pollution and environmental damage control carries it out, identifying peat areas and delineating the boundaries of each hydrological unit by reference to the two main rivers that bound it, surface elevation and watershed boundaries. Field surveys verify the delineation, after which the director-general prepares a final national map at a scale no smaller than 1:250,000.[4:1][14:1]
The maps are assessed against mapping rules by the director-general responsible for forestry planning and environmental management, and the final map is endorsed jointly by the two directors-general. The minister then designates the hydrological units and their map by decision, on the proposal of the director-general.[4:2]
The designated map is the reference for designating functions. Pasal 10 sets three criteria for the protection function: peat at least three metres deep; peat in protected areas outside the forest estate, in protection forest or in conservation forest as set in the regional spatial plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah); and peat ecosystems placed under a moratorium on use by law. The protected area must cover at least 30 per cent of the whole hydrological unit, starting from one or more peat dome peaks, which are located by peat depth and surface elevation. Everything outside the protection criteria is assigned the cultivation function. The minister designates the functions and their national map, at a scale no smaller than 1:250,000, by a second decision.[5:1]
Inventories at provincial and district level build on the national result, using 1:50,000 base maps, high-resolution imagery and field surveys to increase the precision of the data.[6:1] The surveys follow a systematic grid starting from a dome peak, with longitudinal transects two kilometres apart and observation points every 500 metres, and cross transects three kilometres apart with points every 1,000 metres. At each point they record thirteen characteristics, among them elevation, groundwater and flooding, land cover, protected flora and fauna, drainage, water quality, peat thickness, the degree of damage and the depth of the pyrite layer.[7:1]
Pasal 14 ayat (3) places the duty to survey and inventory peat characteristics within a business area on the person responsible for the business or activity, under the director-general's supervision; surveys already carried out by other agencies or businesses may be used once verified. The results are presented as provincial and district maps of hydrological units and of functions at 1:50,000, which the minister designates by decision.[7:2][16]
Pasal 16 allows an area designated for cultivation to be redesignated for protection where it still meets the protection criteria; where there is an ecological need to prevent or remedy environmental damage, or to reserve peat ecosystems in a province or district; or where, outside the 30 per cent protected share, there remain protected species or peat within a protected area under a revised spatial plan.[8:1] The minister makes the change on the ministry's own assessment or on the proposal of a provincial or district government, after coordinating with the ministers for water resources and for spatial planning, other ministers concerned and the regional governments.[17] Pasal 19 provides that boundaries may also shift as the maps are refined from 1:250,000 to 1:50,000, and that restoration of peat functions is carried out on the 1:50,000 maps.[18]
Costs are borne by the state budget, regional budgets or other lawful sources.[19] The minister and regional governments supervise the implementation of the protection and cultivation functions by government units, communities and businesses. Pasal 21 obliges a person responsible for a business or activity to revise its business work plan (Rencana Kerja Usaha) or equivalent planning documents to conform to the regulation, and to apply for an amendment of its environmental permit (izin lingkungan) as a consequence of a change in peat function; breaches attract administrative sanctions under the applicable law.[9:1] Under the transitional provision in Pasal 22, a business whose work area is 40 per cent or more designated as protected peat may, in view of business continuity and benefits to the community, apply to the government for a substitute business area.[10:1]
K222 · Work URI /akn/id/act/permen-lhk/2017/14 · RegVault PERMENLHK_P14_2017[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 9 Februari 2017; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 27 Februari 2017), Berita Negara 2017 No. 336. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 23. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, preamble, Menimbang huruf a to c and Mengingat angka 1 to 8. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 5 to Pasal 8. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 9 to Pasal 12. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 13. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 14 ayat (1) to (7). regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 16. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 21 ayat (1) to (6). regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 22. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[E] "How Are Peatland Ecosystem Functions Inventoried Under PERMENLHK P14/2017?", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/how-are-peatland-ecosystem-functions-inventoried-under-permenlhk-p14-2017/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 2 and Pasal 3. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.15/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/2/2017 tentang Tata Cara Pengukuran Muka Air Tanah di Titik Penaatan Ekosistem Gambut, closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 9 Februari 2017). regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_P15_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 1 angka 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 23. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 4 huruf a to h. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 15. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 17 and Pasal 18. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 19. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK 14/2017, Pasal 20. regulation_id PERMENLHK_P14_2017. ↩︎