Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan 1/2026 (Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1 Tahun 2026 tentang Kejadian Luar Biasa, Wabah, dan Krisis Kesehatan) is an Indonesian ministerial regulation on disease outbreaks (kejadian luar biasa, KLB), epidemics (wabah) and health crises (krisis kesehatan). It was signed by the Minister of Health on 20 January 2026 and took effect on its promulgation on 21 January 2026.^[1][2] It was issued to implement a series of provisions of Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024, the implementing regulation of the health law, and it revoked nine earlier ministerial instruments on outbreak surveillance, health quarantine, integrated emergency care and health crisis management.^[3][4] It belongs to the body of health sector regulation in Indonesia.

The regulation sets out the activities required before, during and after an outbreak or epidemic, and before, during and after a health crisis. It governs health quarantine surveillance of conveyances, people and goods at points of entry and domestic ports and airports, the documents that surveillance issues, the declaration of outbreak, epidemic and crisis status by regional and central authorities, the health cluster system for crisis response, health reserve personnel, and a graded scheme of administrative sanctions.^{[5][6][7][8][9][10]} CRPG's regulatory tracker published a summary of the regulation in August 2026.^[11]

¶ Background and definitions

The preamble states that the regulation implements thirteen provisions of Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 28 Tahun 2024 on the implementation of Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 on health.^[3:1] Pasal 1 defines an outbreak as an epidemiologically meaningful increase in the incidence of illness, death or disability from a disease or health problem in an area over a given period, and an epidemic as an increase in outbreaks of a communicable disease marked by rising cases or deaths that spread quickly and widely. A health crisis is a serious and urgent event, arising from natural, non-natural or social factors, that causes health problems in a community and requires a rapid response beyond normal practice where local health capacity is inadequate. The same article defines the health cluster (Klaster Kesehatan), the group of actors, including the armed forces and the police, that coordinate to meet health service needs in a crisis.^[12]

Under Pasal 2, the regulation aims to give central and regional governments a reference for responding quickly to health emergencies, to prevent the spread of outbreaks, epidemics and crises, and to improve cross-sector integration. Pasal 3 divides activities in outbreak and epidemic situations into alertness, control and post-event phases, and those for health crises into pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis phases.^[5:1]

¶ Outbreaks

Chapter II requires central and regional governments to maintain alertness to diseases and health problems with outbreak potential, through surveillance organised as an early warning system, the control of risk factors, immunisation, the strengthening of health resources and contingency planning. The Minister, governors and regents or mayors issue early warnings to the public, at least monthly for the short term and every three years for the long term.^[13]

At points of entry and at ports and airports serving domestic traffic, the Minister carries out alertness through health quarantine surveillance of conveyances, people, goods and the environment, based on the examination of health quarantine documents. The masters of ships, aircraft captains and drivers of land vehicles must submit those documents for each arrival and departure; a ship requests clearance by flag and light signals; and Pasal 12 prohibits the master, captain or driver from disembarking or embarking people or goods before obtaining the health quarantine clearance document. A suspect case or close contact who refuses control measures on arrival faces an administrative fine if an Indonesian citizen, or a recommendation to the immigration authority to refuse entry if a foreign national. Travellers to or from countries that are endemic, affected or require prophylaxis must be vaccinated if they lack a valid international vaccination certificate.^[6:1]

Under Pasal 23, a regent or mayor, governor or the Minister carries out outbreak control after declaring outbreak status, which requires at least one outbreak criterion to be met. Control comprises epidemiological investigation, surveillance, risk-factor control, destruction of the cause, prevention and immunisation, health promotion, risk communication, case management and the handling of bodies. Post-outbreak activities, including evaluation and reporting, follow the revocation of outbreak status.^[7:1][14] Health surveys may support the response, and the Minister, governors and regents or mayors may form public health emergency coordination and management units at each level.^[15]

¶ Epidemics and quarantine documents

Epidemic alertness aims to prevent an outbreak of communicable disease from becoming an epidemic. Governors and regents or mayors adopt epidemic contingency plans for their regions and the Minister adopts them for points of entry and domestic ports and airports.^[16] Under Pasal 48, epidemic control begins once the Minister has declared an area affected (daerah terjangkit), weighing the aetiology of the disease, the situation of cases and deaths, health service capacity and the condition of the community, as well as sovereignty, security, economic, social and cultural considerations. An affected area may be an administrative region, a point of entry, an island area or another defined area, and the declaration rests on epidemiological analysis or on a proposal from a governor, regent or mayor.^[8:1] As for outbreaks, the Minister, governors and regents or mayors may form emergency coordination units, staffed by medical, health and support personnel, which may coordinate with international health bodies at central level.^[17]

Chapter IV provides that health quarantine documents are issued, electronically or on paper, by the Ministry's health quarantine technical units after surveillance or control measures, in a format set by the Minister, and that their issue may be charged as non-tax state revenue.^[18]

¶ Health crises

Health crisis status is declared by the head of the regency or city health office for that level, the head of the provincial health office for the provincial level, or the Minister for the national level, on the basis of a rapid health assessment. A provincial declaration follows where affected regency or city offices lack the capacity to respond, where more than one regency or city is affected, or where the provincial health cluster can handle the crisis more effectively; a national declaration follows on the same grounds one level up. A higher declaration supersedes a lower one.^[9:1]

Crisis response is organised through the health cluster system, which in disaster response forms part of the disaster cluster coordinated by the national and regional disaster management agencies. National, provincial and regency or city health clusters are set up before a crisis, with sub-clusters for medical services, disease control, environmental health, reproductive health, mental health, nutrition, health promotion and disaster victim identification, and teams for logistics and for data, information and surveillance. Once crisis status is declared, the cluster operates under a single command through a health operations control centre, which joins the disaster emergency command once a disaster emergency is declared. The chapter also governs the integrated emergency care system and its command centres.^[19]

¶ Resources, funding and sanctions

The Minister, governors and regents or mayors are responsible for the availability of resources and services in outbreaks, epidemics and crises. Pasal 129 has the Minister form a health reserve workforce (Tenaga Cadangan Kesehatan) of medical, health and trained non-health personnel, including students, lecturers and retired practitioners, to be mobilised to affected areas; the chapter also covers health information systems, the management of health supplies, and health aid to and from abroad.^[20] Funding comes from the state budget, regional budgets and other lawful sources, and the Minister, governors and regents or mayors carry out guidance and supervision.^[21]

Chapter XI sets the procedure for administrative sanctions in outbreak and epidemic control: an oral reprimand for a first violation, a written reprimand, a proposal for dismissal from office, and an administrative fine, each with a compliance period of fourteen working days. Sanctions may follow a complaint or supervision; at points of entry and domestic ports and airports they are imposed by the head of the health quarantine technical unit and reported to the Minister, with copies to the transport minister and the port or airport authority. A sanctioned party may object to the imposing official or to the administrative court within twenty-one working days; an objection not decided within ten working days is deemed granted.^[10:1]

¶ Revocation

Pasal 174 revokes nine ministerial instruments: a 2004 decree on early warning of outbreaks, Permenkes 1501/2010 on communicable diseases with epidemic potential, Permenkes 34/2013 on rodent and insect control on conveyances, Permenkes 45/2014 on health surveillance, Permenkes 40/2015 on ship sanitation certificates, Permenkes 19/2016 on the integrated emergency care system, Permenkes 23/2018 on international vaccination certificates and its 2019 amendment, and Permenkes 75/2019 on health crisis management.^[4:1] The regional health office guideline issued in February 2026, Permenkes 2/2026, assigns early warning of and response to outbreaks, epidemics and health crises to the disease control division of each health office, and Perpres 13/2026 brings outbreaks and epidemics within the scope of national health management.^[22][23]

¶ See also

• Permenkes 8/2026
• Permenkes 5/2026

¶ External links

• Permenkes No. 1 Tahun 2026 (JDIH BPK)
• CRPG: Outbreak, Epidemic, and Health Crisis Management: PERMENKES 1/2026 (crpg.id, 14 August 2026)

¶ References