| Full title | Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 2025 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional |
|---|---|
| Citation | PP 40/2025 |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Enacted by | President of Indonesia |
| Signed | 15 September 2025 |
| Promulgated | 15 September 2025 |
| Effective | 15 September 2025 |
| Implements | Pasal 11 ayat (2) of Undang-Undang 30/2007 on Energy |
| Replaces | PP 79/2014 |
Peraturan Pemerintah 40/2025 (Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 40 Tahun 2025 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional) is the Indonesian government regulation that sets the national energy policy (kebijakan energi nasional, KEN) for the period up to 2060. It was signed by President Prabowo Subianto and promulgated on 15 September 2025, took effect on the same day, and revoked the 2014 national energy policy, PP 79/2014.[1][2] It belongs to the field described at mining and energy regulation in Indonesia, and was issued to implement Pasal 11 ayat (2) of Undang-Undang 30/2007 on Energy after the draft policy had been approved by the House of Representatives.[3]
The regulation adds the decarbonisation of the energy sector and net zero emissions in 2060 to the two aims of the earlier policy, energy independence and energy security. It sets ranges of targets for final energy use and primary energy supply for 2030, 2040, 2050 and 2060, including a share of new and renewable energy in the primary energy mix rising from 19 to 23 per cent in 2030 to 70 to 72 per cent in 2060, and a peak in energy-sector greenhouse gas emissions in 2035.[4][5][6]
Its strategy chapters cover energy availability, the use of national energy resources, development priorities and energy reserves, supported by provisions on electricity, exports and imports, energy conservation, the energy transition, pricing, carbon tax and carbon pricing, and energy emergencies. The national energy plan and the provincial energy plans are to be prepared on the basis of the policy, under the oversight of the National Energy Council.[7][8] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation in March 2026.[9]
The preceding national energy policy was PP 79/2014, which ran to 2050 and itself replaced a presidential regulation of 2006 on the same subject.[10] The preamble of PP 40/2025 states that the policy needed renewal because of changes in the strategic environment: the target of becoming a developed country by 2045, the rapid development of energy technology and of new and renewable energy, and the contribution of the energy sector to Indonesia's commitments on greenhouse gas reduction and net zero emissions by 2060.[3:1] As with its predecessor, the draft required the approval of the House of Representatives before it was enacted.[3:2]
Pasal 2 states that the policy aims to direct energy management on the principles of fairness, sustainability, integration, efficiency, productivity and environmental awareness, in order to achieve national energy independence, national energy security and Indonesia's commitments on decarbonising the energy sector, supporting climate resilience and a green economy.[4:1] The policy runs to 2060, is to be reviewed every five years or sooner if needed, and guides the national general plans for electricity, oil, gas, coal and other energy as well as the national medium-term development plan and the strategic plans of ministries.[4:2]
Pasal 1 introduces definitions absent from the 2014 policy, among them energy sovereignty (Kedaulatan Energi, the right of the state and nation to set energy management policy independently), energy-sector decarbonisation (Dekarbonisasi Sektor Energi, the reduction of energy-sector emissions to reach a green economy and net zero emissions in 2060 through a gradual energy transition), net zero emissions, climate resilience, the circular economy, the carbon economic value (Nilai Ekonomi Karbon) and energy storage.[11]
Pasals 7 to 13 translate the objectives into numeric targets, each expressed as a range for 2030, 2040, 2050 and 2060. Final energy use is to lie between 255.1 and 299.0 million tonnes of oil equivalent (TOE) in 2030 and between 378.5 and 432.8 million TOE in 2060, with separate ranges for industry, transport, commerce and households and for individual fuels such as solar, biomass, biofuels, hydrogen and ammonia.[12] Primary energy supply is to lie between 368 and 454 million TOE in 2030 and between 665 and 775 million TOE in 2060.[5:1]
| Year | Primary energy supply (million TOE) | New and renewable energy share |
|---|---|---|
| 2030 | 368 to 454 | 19 to 23 per cent |
| 2040 | 468 to 596 | 36 to 40 per cent |
| 2050 | 595 to 712 | 53 to 55 per cent |
| 2060 | 665 to 775 | 70 to 72 per cent |
Within the primary energy mix, Pasal 12 sets a declining share for oil (22.4 to 26.3 per cent in 2030, 3.9 to 4.7 per cent in 2060) and for coal (40.7 to 41.6 per cent in 2030, 7.8 to 11.9 per cent in 2060), a share for natural gas of 12.9 to 14.2 per cent in 2030 and 14.4 to 15.4 per cent in 2060, and a nuclear share, to be maximised as far as it is economic, starting at 0.4 to 0.5 per cent in 2032 and reaching 11.7 to 12.1 per cent in 2060.[13] Under Pasal 13, energy-sector greenhouse gas emissions are to rise to a peak in 2035 and then fall, reaching net zero in 2060 with residual energy-sector emissions of 129 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent to be absorbed by forestry and other land use.[6:1]
Pasal 14 divides the policy into four main policies (energy availability for national needs, use of national energy resources, energy development priorities, and national energy reserves) and a set of supporting policies attached to each, together with cross-cutting support on financing, pricing, research, technology clearing and audit, environmental protection, institutions, international cooperation, local content, carbon tax and results-based payments, and energy crises.[7:1] The strategies for these policies occupy Pasals 15 to 85.
On trade, the Central Government may export and import energy sources to secure long-term supply; imports of resources available domestically are to be limited and planned. Cross-border exports and imports of electricity are allowed to improve efficiency, reliability and security of supply, and are carried out by the state electricity companies of the countries involved or entities designated by them. Pasal 28 provides for reducing import dependence, diversifying import sources, and giving priority to domestic needs by controlling exports of coal, natural gas, biofuels and electricity.[14]
The energy transition programme under Pasal 42 includes building new and renewable energy facilities, converting fossil-based systems and power plants, applying low-carbon technology, carbon capture, storage and utilisation, the gradual retirement of coal-fired power plants, and a prohibition on developing new coal-fired power plants, with reference to national energy security and emission reduction.[15] Energy providers and users must base their business plans on the decarbonisation targets in the national or regional energy plan.[15:1] The Central Government may impose a carbon tax on the use of non-renewable energy, and governments and businesses may obtain incentives or results-based payments through the carbon economic value mechanism, the subject of carbon trading and climate regulation in Indonesia.[16] Energy users above a set consumption level must carry out energy management and report on it annually by the end of the first quarter of the following year.[17]
Under Pasals 86 to 88, the Central Government prepares the national general energy plan (rencana umum energi nasional) on the basis of the policy, for ten-year periods reviewable every five years, with needs and supply plans for seven regions: Sumatra, Java-Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku and Papua; each province prepares a regional energy plan by reference to the national one.[8:1] The national energy plan in force when the regulation was issued had been set by Perpres 22/2017 under the 2014 policy.[18] The National Energy Council (Dewan Energi Nasional) guides the preparation of these plans and oversees cross-sectoral energy policy, and ministries, agencies and regional governments must supply it with data.[8:2]
Pasal 91 keeps in force the implementing regulations of PP 79/2014 as far as they do not conflict with the new regulation, and Pasal 92 revokes the 2014 policy; in the held text the revoked instrument is styled a Peraturan Presiden, although its Lembaran Negara citation (2014 No. 300, Tambahan 5609) is that of PP 79/2014, which JDIH BPK records as revoked by PP 40/2025.[19][2:1] The regulation comprises 93 articles in seven chapters, with an elucidation, and was published in Lembaran Negara 2025 No. 149, Tambahan Lembaran Negara No. 7136.[1:1][2:2]
K150 · Work URI /akn/id/act/pp/2025/40 · RegVault PP_40_2025[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 93 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 15 September 2025; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 15 September 2025), Lembaran Negara 2025 No. 149, Tambahan Lembaran Negara No. 7136. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP No. 40 Tahun 2025, JDIH BPK: enacted, promulgated and in force 15 September 2025, LN 2025 (149), TLN (7136); revokes PP No. 79 Tahun 2014. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/328789/pp-no-40-tahun-2025 ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, preamble, Menimbang huruf a to d and Mengingat angka 1 and 2 (Undang-Undang 30/2007 on Energy). regulation_id PP_40_2025 (fuller copy in the vault file 05_ACTIVE/PP/PP_40_2025/PP_40_2025_content.md). ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 2, 3, 4 and 5. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 10 huruf a. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 13 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 14 ayat (1) to (8). regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 86 to 89. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[E] "Indonesia's National Energy Policy and Net Zero Pathway: PP 40/2025", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 21 March 2026. https://crpg.id/what-are-the-key-requirements-under-pp-40-2025/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[P] PP No. 79 Tahun 2014, JDIH BPK: revokes Perpres Nomor 5 Tahun 2006 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional; revoked by PP No. 40 Tahun 2025. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/5523/pp-no-79-tahun-2014 ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 1 angka 7, 14 to 17, 34 and 36. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 9 ayat (1) and (2). regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 12 huruf b (primary energy mix by source). regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 25, 26 and 28. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 42 ayat (1) to (3) and Pasal 44 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 83 and 84. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 35 ayat (2) and Pasal 37. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎
[P] Peraturan Presiden Nomor 22 Tahun 2017 tentang Rencana Umum Energi Nasional, Mengingat angka 3 (PP 79/2014) and Pasal 1 angka 1. regulation_id PERPRES_22_2017. ↩︎
[P] PP 40/2025, Pasal 91 and 92. regulation_id PP_40_2025. ↩︎