| Full title | Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.59/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/10/2019 tentang Penanaman dalam Rangka Rehabilitasi Daerah Aliran Sungai |
|---|---|
| Citation | Permen LHK P.59/2019; Berita Negara 2019 No. 1449 |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Enacted by | Minister of Environment and Forestry |
| Signed | 16 October 2019 |
| Promulgated | 13 November 2019 |
| Effective | 13 November 2019 |
| Replaces | Permen LHK P.89/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/11/2016 |
Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan 59/2019 is an Indonesian ministerial regulation that governs the replanting obligation owed by those who are permitted to use state forest land for non-forestry purposes. Its full title is Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.59/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/10/2019 tentang Penanaman dalam Rangka Rehabilitasi Daerah Aliran Sungai (planting for the rehabilitation of watersheds). It was signed by the Minister of Environment and Forestry on 16 October 2019 and took effect on its promulgation on 13 November 2019, replacing a 2016 regulation on the same obligation.[1]
The obligation falls on two groups: holders of a forest-area borrow-use permit (izin pinjam pakai kawasan hutan, IPPKH), and holders of a ministerial decree releasing forest land in a land swap where the replacement land comes from convertible production forest already under a utilisation permit.[2] The regulation fixes how the planting site is chosen and how large it must be, the plans the obligor must prepare, planting densities by type of land, maintenance for three years, assessment and handover, reporting, and administrative sanctions.[3][4][5][6]
The regulation sits where forestry law meets the water resources law of Indonesia: it uses the watershed (daerah aliran sungai, DAS) as the unit whose function the planting is meant to restore. The CRPG regulatory tracker analysed it in November 2025.[7][8]
The regulation was issued under Government Regulation 24/2010 on the use of forest areas, as amended by Government Regulation 105/2015, and under Government Regulation 104/2015 on changes in the designation and function of forest areas, which calls for the planting of replacement land released in a land swap. Its considerations state that the earlier Regulation P.89/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/11/2016, on planting guidelines for IPPKH holders, no longer fitted conditions in the field and had to be replaced.[9] Among its other legal bases are Law 41/1999 on forestry, Government Regulation 76/2008 on forest and land rehabilitation, Government Regulation 37/2012 on watershed management, and Regulation P.105/2018 on the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation.[9:1] Pasal 44 revokes the 2016 regulation.[1:1]
The regulation defines the watershed as a land area forming a unity with a river and its tributaries that holds, stores and conveys rainwater to a lake or the sea, bounded on land by a topographic divide, and defines watershed-rehabilitation planting as planting inside and outside the forest area that is one of the obligations of IPPKH holders and land-swap release holders, aimed at restoring, maintaining and improving watershed function.[2:1] Its guidance is addressed to the obligors, to central, provincial and district governments, and to other parties (Pasal 2).[2:2]
The planting location refers to the national critical-land map, set by ministerial decree, and to an indicative map of planting sites set by the Director General; outside those maps, a site may be fixed by reviewing high-resolution imagery (Pasal 4). Planting takes place on critical land inside or outside the forest area, in the same watershed as the permit or replacement land or in another one (Pasal 5). Inside the forest area, the site must be free of other use or utilisation permits and outside the working area of the state forestry company Perum Perhutani, although it may lie in community forestry, village forest or customary forest areas.[3:1]
The area to be planted equals the area of the permit or of the forest land released, plus up to 25 per cent to allow for unplantable ground, with a minimum of one hectare (Pasal 6). At least 75 per cent must lie inside the forest area and no more than 25 per cent outside it, a proportion that does not apply in Java (Pasal 7). The obligor proposes a site within 30 working days of receiving the permit or decree, failing which the director chooses one; the Director General then fixes the site on the minister's behalf (Pasal 8 and 9).[3:2]
Once the site is fixed, the obligor must prepare an annual planting plan within 20 working days and a planting design for each area, supervised by the regional watershed and protected-forest management office (BPDASHL), and must begin planting within 20 working days of approving the design.[10][4:1] Planting must be completed within half the term of the IPPKH, or within five years of a land-swap release decree; where an IPPKH runs for less than five years, the period is half its term plus one year (Pasal 19).[4:2]
Densities are set by type of land. In the forest area, intensive planting uses 625 to 1,100 timber or non-timber-forest-product trees per hectare, and agroforestry, permitted in protection and production forest already farmed by local people, at least 400 main trees per hectare plus secondary planting (Pasal 20). Mangroves require at least 3,300 seedlings per hectare, coastal buffer zones at least 1,100, peatland at least 700, and urban forest, green open space and privately owned land with a protective function at least 400 (Pasal 21 to 28). The obligor maintains the planting in the year of planting and the two following years, and protects it until handover (Pasal 29).[4:3]
After the second year of maintenance the obligor applies to the Director General for an assessment of success, carried out by a team chaired by the head of the local BPDASHL and measured by the effective area planted and the number of plants per hectare (Pasal 30 to 33). Where the planting succeeds, it is handed over to the manager of the area; where it fails, the obligor must continue maintenance until it succeeds. A successful rehabilitation is one of the conditions for extending or returning an IPPKH (Pasal 35).[5:1] Obligors file semi-annual and annual reports, and bear the cost of design, planting and assessment (Pasal 38 and 39).[5:2]
An obligor that does not plant faces written warnings from the head of the BPDASHL, up to three in succession of 30 working days each, then cancellation of the planting site and a recommendation to revoke the IPPKH or the release decree (Pasal 40 to 42).[6:1]
K243 · Work URI /akn/id/act/permen-lhk/2019/59 · RegVault PERMENLHK_59_2019[P] Permen LHK P.59/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/10/2019, Pasal 44 (revocation of Permen
LHK P.89/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/11/2016, Berita Negara 2016 No. 1781), Pasal 45 (in force on
promulgation) and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 16 Oktober 2019;
Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 13 November 2019). Berita Negara 2019 No. 1449.
regulation_id PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, Pasal 1 angka 1 to 3, Pasal 2 and Pasal 3.
regulation_id PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, Pasal 4 to Pasal 9. regulation_id PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, Pasal 19 to Pasal 29. regulation_id
PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, Pasal 30 to Pasal 39. The held text cross-refers to some
of these articles by numbers that do not match its own numbering. regulation_id
PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, Pasal 40 to Pasal 42. regulation_id
PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎
[E] "Kewajiban Penanaman Kompensasi: Analisis PERMENLHK 59/2019 tentang Rehabilitasi DAS bagi Pemegang IPPKH", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/kewajiban-penanaman-kompensasi-analisis-permenlhk-59-2019-tentang-rehabilitasi-das-bagi-pemegang-ippkh/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) (in Indonesian) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[E] "Replanting Guidelines for Watershed Rehabilitation Programs: PERMENLHK 59/2019", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/what-are-the-watershed-rehabilitation-guidelines-under-permenlhk-59-2019/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, considerations (Menimbang huruf a to c) and legal bases
(Mengingat angka 1 to 8). regulation_id PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Permen LHK P.59/2019, Pasal 10 to Pasal 18. regulation_id
PERMENLHK_59_2019. ↩︎