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Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan 105/2018Regulation
Full titlePeraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.105/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan, Kegiatan Pendukung, Pemberian Insentif, serta Pembinaan dan Pengendalian Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan
CitationPermen LHK P.105/2018; Berita Negara 2019 No. 16
JurisdictionIndonesia
Enacted byMinister of Environment and Forestry
Signed27 December 2018
Promulgated14 January 2019
Effective14 January 2019
ImplementsPP 76/2008, Pasal 33, 34, 40 and 57
ReplacesPermenhut P.9/2013, as amended in 2016
Amended byPermen LHK P.2/2020
Replaced byPermen LHK 23/2021 (in part)

Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan 105/2018 (Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.105/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018 tentang Tata Cara Pelaksanaan, Kegiatan Pendukung, Pemberian Insentif, serta Pembinaan dan Pengendalian Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan) is an Indonesian ministerial regulation on forest and land rehabilitation (rehabilitasi hutan dan lahan, RHL): how rehabilitation is carried out, the activities that support it, the incentives offered for it, and its guidance and control. It was signed by the Minister of Environment and Forestry on 27 December 2018 and took effect on its promulgation on 14 January 2019.[1][2] It forms part of forestry and land use regulation in Indonesia and was issued to follow up four articles of Government Regulation 76/2008 on forest rehabilitation and reclamation.[3]

The regulation directs rehabilitation to critical land, open land and burnt land, preferably in the catchments of priority lakes and reservoirs and in priority watersheds, and carries it out through reforestation inside the forest estate and greening outside it.[4][5] It lists six support activities, from pre-conditioning of communities to institutional development, and a set of incentives in the form of easier services and awards.[6][7] It was amended in January 2020 by Permen LHK P.2/2020.[8]

In November 2021 Permen LHK 23/2021 on the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation revoked its provisions on implementation procedures, support activities, and guidance and control, without naming those on incentives and financing.[9] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation's support activities and incentives in November 2025.[10]

Background

The preamble states that the regulation follows up Pasal 33, 34, 40 and 57 of Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 76 Tahun 2008 on forest rehabilitation and reclamation, and its legal bases include UU 41/1999 on forestry and UU 32/2009 on environmental protection and management.[3:1] Pasal 75 revoked Permenhut P.9/Menhut-II/2013 on the same subject, as amended by Permen LHK P.39/2016.[11]

Permen LHK P.2/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/1/2020, signed on 13 January 2020 and promulgated on 30 January 2020, amended the regulation, among other changes rewriting Pasal 4 on the land to be rehabilitated, inserting Pasal 11A and 11B on seed and seedling supply, and deleting Pasal 64 to 66, 69 and 74.[8:1][4:1][12][13] The text held by CRPG is a consolidation incorporating that amendment.

Scope and definitions

Pasal 1 defines forest and land rehabilitation as the effort to restore, maintain and improve the function of forest and land so as to increase their carrying capacity, productivity and role in sustaining life-support systems.[14] Support activities are all activities connected with rehabilitation that aim to increase its success, and an incentive is a policy instrument that encourages the aims of rehabilitation while preventing further degradation of forest and land within a watershed ecosystem.[14:1] Under Pasal 2 the regulation was meant as a reference for carrying out rehabilitation and aimed at restoring the carrying capacity of watersheds and improving community welfare. Its five subjects under Pasal 3 are implementation procedures, support activities, incentives, guidance and control, and financing.[15]

Implementation

Rehabilitation follows an annual rehabilitation plan and is carried out on critical land, as shown on the national indicative map of critical land, on open land (bare land, scrub, or land with at most 200 trees per hectare), and on land burnt in forest and land fires. Such land is to be prioritised in the catchments of priority lakes, reservoirs and dams, in priority watersheds, in buffer zones (sempadan), and around national tourist destinations. Coastal areas and peatland may also be rehabilitated, and the work may be done by the government itself (swakelola) or by contracted providers under public procurement law.[4:2]

Planting takes the form of reforestation (reboisasi), the planting of trees in the forest estate to restore its function, or greening (penghijauan), which restores the carrying capacity of land outside it.[14:2][5:1] Reforestation may be carried out in conservation forest (except strict nature reserves and national park core zones, save where they are damaged), in protection forest and in production forest, by intensive planting or agroforestry.[16] Greening proceeds through the development of smallholder forests, urban forests and environmental greening.[17] Soil conservation techniques may be vegetative, chemical or civil-engineering.[18] Seed of eleven listed species, including teak, mahogany, pine and agarwood, must come from certified seed sources unless certified stock is unavailable.[12:1]

Support activities

Pasal 46 lists six support activities: pre-conditioning (prakondisi), seed development, technology development, fire prevention and control, security and protection of plantings, and institutional development.[6:1] Pre-conditioning prepares the community and other parties before a planting design is drawn up, through a preparation stage of team formation, coordination, data collection, initial socialisation, analysis and reporting, and an application stage directed both at communities that support the rehabilitation and at those that do not.[19]

Technology development covers planning, implementation and monitoring, with targets that include arid land, peatland, densely populated areas, vegetable-growing areas, agroforestry and aerial seeding. Fire prevention includes identifying fire-prone areas, avoiding land burning, building firebreaks and blocking water on peatland.[20] Institutional development runs through extension, training and community facilitation. Facilitators may be forestry extension officers, community extension volunteers, non-governmental organisations or technical staff recruited by the watershed management office (BPDASHL), whose budget bears the cost.[21]

Incentives

Chapter IV treats incentives as a policy instrument to accelerate rehabilitation and prevent further degradation. The criteria include area, the number of surviving trees, success rate, the effectiveness of soil and water conservation works, institutional activity, local wisdom and conservation initiatives, and the standards are set by the minister or the governor.[7:1] An incentive takes the form of easier services, such as help in obtaining capital, infrastructure, land, technological information, facilitation, or a community forest licence or village forest management right, or of an award, such as a subsidy, prize, certificate or trophy, given by the minister, governor, regent or mayor to those qualifying as sponsors, pioneers or facilitators of rehabilitation.[7:2]

Guidance, control and financing

Guidance is given by the minister nationally and by the governor at provincial level, through guidelines, technical guidance, training, direction and supervision; control rests with the minister, acting through the director general and a control team that reports every three months.[22] Rehabilitation may be financed from the state and regional budgets, the special allocation fund for forestry, the revenue-sharing fund from the reforestation fund and other lawful sources, on a multi-year basis. Payment to a contracted provider for planting requires a growth success of at least 75 per cent of the trees planted.[23]

Partial revocation

Pasal 66 of Permen LHK 23/2021, signed on 26 November 2021 and promulgated on 1 December 2021, revoked the provisions of Permen LHK 105/2018, as amended, on implementation procedures, support activities, and guidance and control. The provisions on incentives and on financing were not among those named. Rehabilitation already under way continued under the 2018 regulation until completed.[9:1] JDIH BPK records the 2018 regulation as partially revoked by that instrument.[2:1]

See also

Part of a series on Forestry and land use regulation in Indonesia
Permenhut 1/2026 · Permenhut 2/2026 · Permenhut 28/2025 · Permenhut 32/2009 · Permenhut 34/2010 · Permenhut 37/2010 · Permenhut 4/2026 · Permenhut 5/2025 · Permenhut 5/2026 · Permenhut 56/2008 · Permenhut 6/2026 · Permenhut 7/2026 · Permenhut 8/2026 · Permenhut 85/2014 · Permenhut 9/2026 · PMK 63/2026 · Permen LHK 10/2022 · Permen LHK 105/2018 · Permen LHK 14/2017 · Permen LHK 16/2020 · Permen LHK 83/2016 · Permen LHK 9/2021 · PP 22/2021 · PP 23/2021 · PP 26/2025 · PP 46/2017 · PP 8/2026 · Perpres 123/2024 · Perpres 175/2024 · Perpres 176/2024 · Perpres 23/2024 · Perpres 3/2016 · Perpres 85/2024 · UU 41/1999
Identifiers Know ID K216 · Work URI /akn/id/act/permen-lhk/2018/105 · RegVault PERMENLHK_105_2018
Categories Ministerial regulations of Indonesia · Forestry in Indonesia
What links here (4)

References

  1. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 76 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 27 Desember 2018; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 14 Januari 2019; Berita Negara 2019 No. 16). regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  2. [P] Permen LHK No. 105 Tahun 2018, JDIH BPK: enacted 27 December 2018, promulgated and in force 14 January 2019, Berita Negara 2019 No. 16; amended by Permen LHK 2/2020 and partially revoked by Permen LHK 23/2021. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/163515/permen-lhk-no-105-tahun-2018 ↩︎ ↩︎

  3. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, preamble, Menimbang and Mengingat angka 1 to 4 (consolidated text). regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎

  4. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended by P.2/2020, Pasal 4 ayat (1) to (5). regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  5. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 9. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎

  6. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 46. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎

  7. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 56 to Pasal 61. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  8. [P] Permen LHK No. 2 Tahun 2020, JDIH BPK: enacted 13 January 2020, promulgated and in force 30 January 2020, Berita Negara 2020 No. 69. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/163514/permen-lhk-no-2-tahun-2020 ↩︎ ↩︎

  9. [P] Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 23 Tahun 2021 tentang Pelaksanaan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan, Pasal 65, Pasal 66 and closing formula (signed 26 November 2021, promulgated 1 December 2021). regulation_id PERMEN_LHK_23_2021. ↩︎ ↩︎

  10. [E] "What Support Activities and Incentives Exist Under PERMENLHK 105/2018?", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 26 November 2025. https://crpg.id/what-support-activities-and-incentives-exist-under-permenlhk-105-2018/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎

  11. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 75. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  12. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended by P.2/2020, Pasal 11, Pasal 11A and Pasal 11B. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎

  13. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended by P.2/2020, Pasal 64 to Pasal 66, Pasal 69 and Pasal 74 (each marked Dihapus). regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  14. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended, Pasal 1 (definitions of RHL, Kegiatan Pendukung RHL, Insentif RHL, Reboisasi and Penghijauan). regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎

  15. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 2 and Pasal 3. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  16. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended, Pasal 14 and Pasal 15. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  17. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 25. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  18. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 31. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  19. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended, Pasal 47. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  20. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 48 to Pasal 51. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  21. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018, Pasal 52, Pasal 53 and Pasal 54. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  22. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended, Pasal 62, Pasal 63 and Pasal 67. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎

  23. [P] Permen LHK P.105/2018 as amended, Pasal 68 and Pasal 70. regulation_id PERMENLHK_105_2018. ↩︎