| Full title | Peraturan Presiden Nomor 123 Tahun 2024 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Strategis Nasional Kawasan Lanskap Subak-Bali |
|---|---|
| Citation | Perpres 123/2024 |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia (Bali) |
| Enacted by | President of Indonesia |
| Signed | 15 October 2024 |
| Promulgated | 15 October 2024 |
| Effective | 15 October 2024 |
| Implements | Pasal 21 ayat (1) of Law 26/2007 on Spatial Planning, as amended by UU 6/2023 |
Peraturan Presiden 123/2024 (Peraturan Presiden Nomor 123 Tahun 2024 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Strategis Nasional Kawasan Lanskap Subak-Bali) is an Indonesian presidential regulation that sets the spatial plan for the Subak landscape of Bali as a national strategic area (Kawasan Strategis Nasional, KSN) designated for its social and cultural importance. It was signed by President Joko Widodo on 15 October 2024 and took effect on its promulgation the same day, as Lembaran Negara 2024 No. 224.[1] It is one of the national strategic area plans within forestry and land use regulation in Indonesia, alongside Peraturan Presiden 23/2024 for the Palembang urban area and Peraturan Presiden 85/2024 for the Banjarbakula metropolitan area, both of which were designated for economic growth.
The regulation defines subak as the traditional organisation of customary communities in Bali that governs water use and cropping at farm level, and describes the landscape as containing the subak system as a manifestation of the Tri Hita Karana philosophy, designated and protected as world cultural heritage.[2] Its plan covers 21 sub-districts in five regencies and is built around five heritage sites, and its policies put the conservation of water sources for subak agriculture first.[3][4]
The plan maps irrigation areas, springs, rivers and lakes as its water resources network, protects the heritage sites as a protected zone, and reserves food-crop land as a cultivation zone. It centralises the issue of space-use conformity assessments in the minister responsible for spatial planning and provides for collaborative management.[5][6][7][8][9] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation in March 2026.[10]
The regulation was issued to implement Pasal 21 ayat (1) of Law 26/2007 on Spatial Planning, as amended by Undang-Undang 6/2023 on job creation, and Pasal 82 ayat (1) and Pasal 123 ayat (4) of Government Regulation 26/2008 on the National Spatial Plan, as amended by Government Regulation 13/2017.[11] Pasal 1 defines the Subak-Bali landscape area as a national strategic area of social and cultural importance that covers the subak cultural heritage of Bali and its surroundings, including the natural, social, cultural and economic environment.[2:1]
Under Pasal 3 and Pasal 4, the plan operationalises the national spatial plan and guides development planning, the location of activities of national strategic value, the spatial plans of Bali province and the five regencies, and the management of the landscape on the basis of the conservation of cultural heritage.[12] The minister responsible for spatial planning, who administers the plan, heads the ministry organised by Peraturan Presiden 176/2024.[2:2][8:1]
Pasal 2 sets the area's extent by reference to the protection of the subak system as cultural heritage and of the forests, mountains and watersheds that sustain it. It names five heritage components: the Pura Ulun Danu Batur temple, Lake Batur, the subak landscape of the Pakerisan river basin, the subak landscape of Caturangga-Batukaru, and the Pura Taman Ayun temple. The area covers three sub-districts in Badung, three in Bangli, three in Buleleng, five in Gianyar and seven in Tabanan.[3:1]
Pasal 5 states the objective as a spatial arrangement that secures the conservation of the world cultural heritage in harmony with the economic development of the community. Pasal 6 sets three policies: conserving water sources as the main support of subak agriculture against space use that could disturb the area's function; advancing culture and conserving the subak heritage; and raising community incomes through culture, local wisdom, agriculture and tourism that support conservation.[4:1] The strategies for the first policy in Pasal 7 are to designate buffer zones for lakes, springs and rivers and water resources conservation areas, to maintain water recharge areas against land conversion and pollution from settlements, farming and other activities, and to keep irrigated food-crop land.[4:2]
Pasal 8 and Pasal 12 organise the structure plan around settlement service centres and a main infrastructure network of transport, energy, telecommunications, water resources and settlement infrastructure, all directed at supporting the conservation of the subak heritage.[13] Pasal 20 sets the water resources network to secure groundwater and surface water supply, water and soil conservation and flood control. It lists by name the springs in each of the five regencies and the river basins of the Bali-Penida river territory as surface water sources.[5:1]
Its infrastructure comprises an irrigation network, which supports sustainable food-crop agriculture, and flood control. The irrigation network lists irrigation areas (daerah irigasi) under central, provincial and other authority; those under central authority include the Ayung, Oos, Pakerisan, Penet, Petanu, Saba, Sungi and Yeh Hoo irrigation areas. Flood control works are named at Lake Batur, Lake Buyan, Lake Tamblingan, Lake Beratan and the upper Sungi river.[5:2] The settlement infrastructure network under Pasal 21 and Pasal 22 comprises piped drinking water supply, domestic wastewater management, solid waste and drainage.[14] The Bali-Penida river territory was later added to the working area of Perum Jasa Tirta I by Keputusan Presiden 9/2026.[15]
The pattern plan in Pasal 27 aims to optimise space use in harmony with conserving the subak heritage and divides the area into protected and cultivation zones, with regard to disaster mitigation.[16] Pasal 28 groups the protected areas into five zones: areas protecting those below them (protection forest), local protection areas, conservation areas, geological protection areas and other protected areas.[16:1] Pasal 38 makes the world cultural heritage a protected zone of its own (code L5.3), comprising the Pura Ulun Danu Batur and Lake Batur site in Kintamani, the subak landscape and temple sites of Caturangga-Batukaru in Buleleng and Tabanan, the subak landscape and temple sites of the Pakerisan basin in Gianyar, and the Pura Taman Ayun site in Mengwi.[6:1]
Cultivation zones under Pasal 39 are to support the social, cultural and economic life of the community on the basis of custom and local wisdom. Zone B4, under Pasal 43, is food-crop agricultural land that keeps its rural character and is set with regard to sacred areas around temples, the subak ecosystem and the heritage sites; it extends into every regency of the landscape.[17][7:1] The pattern plan is mapped at a scale of 1:50,000.[7:2]
Under Pasal 45 and Pasal 46, conformity assessments of space-use activities (Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang, KKPR) for business, non-business and national strategic activities in the landscape are issued by the minister; the indicative programme of main projects runs in five phases, in 2024, 2025 to 2029, 2030 to 2034, 2035 to 2039 and 2040 to 2043.[8:2][18] Pasal 51 frames the directions for control around the conservation of the world heritage in harmony with community economic development, and Pasal 52 makes the indicative national zoning directions the reference for regional zoning regulations.[19] Sanctions under Pasal 85 are administrative and follow the spatial planning legislation, and apply to space use that departs from the provincial and regency plans and zoning regulations based on this plan.[20]
Pasal 87 requires the landscape to be managed on the principle of conserving the world heritage to improve community welfare, through collaboration among the central government, regional governments, communities and other stakeholders. Management is carried out by the minister responsible for spatial planning, the minister responsible for culture, other ministers and agency heads, the governor and the regents, and communities, and may be assisted by a spatial planning forum.[9:1] Pasal 88 and Pasal 89 provide for community participation, including capacity building and awareness of heritage conservation.[21]
Pasal 90 fixes the plan's term at twenty years from promulgation, reviewed once in each five-year period or more often after a large-scale disaster, a boundary change or a strategic change in national policy. Pasal 91 keeps existing regional spatial plans in force where consistent and existing permits and KKPR valid until they expire, and requires permits and KKPR that do not conform to the plan to be adjusted.[22]
K149 · Work URI /akn/id/act/perpres/2024/123 · RegVault PERPRES_123_2024[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 92 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2024; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2024; Lembaran Negara 2024 No. 224). regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 1 (definitions of Menteri, Kawasan Lanskap Subak-Bali and Subak). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 2. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 5, Pasal 6 and Pasal 7 ayat (1). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 20 (water resources network), including ayat (4), (9) and (11) to (13). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 38. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 43 and Pasal 44 (pattern map at a scale of 1:50,000 in Lampiran II). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 46 ayat (1) to (3). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 87. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[E] "Spatial Planning for the Subak-Bali UNESCO Landscape: PERPRES 123/2024", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 22 March 2026. https://crpg.id/what-are-the-key-requirements-under-perpres-123-2024-on-national-strategic-area-spatial-planning/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[P] Peraturan Presiden Nomor 123 Tahun 2024 tentang Rencana Tata Ruang Kawasan Strategis Nasional Kawasan Lanskap Subak-Bali, Menimbang and Mengingat. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024 (the database copy is truncated within Bab VIII; the full text is held in the vault file PERPRES_123_2024_content.md under the same id). ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 3 and Pasal 4. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 8 and Pasal 12. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 21 and Pasal 22. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Keputusan Presiden Nomor 9 Tahun 2026, dictum KESATU (adding the Bali-Penida river territory, among others, to the working area of Perum Jasa Tirta I). regulation_id INPRES_9_2026. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 27 and Pasal 28. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 39 ayat (1). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 45 to Pasal 50 (directions for space use and the indicative programme of main projects, Lampiran III). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 51 and Pasal 52 ayat (1). LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 85. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 88 and Pasal 89. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 123/2024, Pasal 90 and Pasal 91. LN 2024/224. regulation_id PERPRES_123_2024. ↩︎