| Full title | Peraturan Presiden Nomor 101 Tahun 2024 tentang Tata Kelola Kompleks Candi Borobudur |
|---|---|
| Citation | Perpres 101/2024 |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Enacted by | President of Indonesia |
| Signed | 20 September 2024 |
| Promulgated | 20 September 2024 |
| Effective | 20 September 2024 |
| Replaces | Keputusan Presiden 1/1992, as far as it governed the Borobudur Temple Complex |
Peraturan Presiden 101/2024 (Peraturan Presiden Nomor 101 Tahun 2024 tentang Tata Kelola Kompleks Candi Borobudur) is an Indonesian presidential regulation on the governance of the Borobudur Temple Complex in Central Java, a national-rank cultural heritage area and a World Heritage property. It was signed by President Joko Widodo and promulgated on 20 September 2024, taking effect on that date, and was recorded as Lembaran Negara 2024 No. 195.[1] It sets out the institutional arrangements of one heritage site and belongs to the field described at public administration in Indonesia.[2]
The regulation divides the complex into five zones, applies a single destination management (manajemen destinasi tunggal) to them, and assigns that management to PT Taman Wisata Candi Borobudur, Prambanan, dan Ratu Boko (PT TWC).[3] Zone 1 remains under the authority of the ministry responsible for culture, which assigns its use to PT TWC under a cooperation agreement; PT TWC governs zone 2 itself; and the outer zones are governed according to asset ownership.[4] The regulation sets PT TWC's duties and rights, including the right to set entrance fees for zone 2, and the division of revenue between the ministry and the company.[5]
A coordination team reviews PT TWC's plans and reports and passes its findings to the steering council of the Borobudur tourism authority, which reports to the President.[6][7] The regulation replaced Keputusan Presiden 1/1992 so far as that decree governed Borobudur.[8] CRPG's regulatory tracker published an analysis of the regulation in April 2026.[9]
The preamble states that the complex, including its national-rank cultural heritage area and World Heritage property, has value for the understanding and development of religion, history, science, education, the economy and culture, and that good governance is needed to protect it and to derive the greatest benefit from it for the people.[2:1] Governance of the complex had been set by Keputusan Presiden 1/1992 on the management of the Borobudur and Prambanan temple tourist parks and the control of their surroundings, which the preamble describes as no longer in line with legal developments and public needs.[2:2] The implementation guidelines annexed to the regulation record that Borobudur was inscribed by UNESCO as a cultural World Heritage property on 13 December 1991 and that it meets three of the ten criteria of outstanding universal value.[10]
Pasal 1 describes governance of the complex as an integrated management mechanism to protect, develop and use the complex as a World Heritage property, carried out with regard to cultural, religious, social, educational, scientific, technological and tourism interests.[11] Governance is organised by zones under a single destination management, in which the central government assigns PT TWC.[3:1] The zones follow the spatial plan for the Borobudur national strategic area and the ownership of assets, and are mapped in the annex.[3:2]
| Zone | Character under the regulation | Area |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cultural heritage area, used primarily for cultural and religious activities | 256,795 m² |
| 2 | Cultural heritage area open to cultural, religious, social, educational, scientific, technological and tourism use | 608,987 m² |
| 3 | Mixed area including heritage, river and spring buffers, rural settlement, tourism, agriculture and fisheries | 10.1 km² |
| 4 | As zone 3, with urban settlement and industry | 26 km² |
| 5 | As zone 4, with a geological reserve, groundwater protection and defence areas | 78.5 km² |
The allocations and areas of the zones are references for provincial and district spatial planning.[12]
Governance of zone 1 is the authority of the ministry responsible for culture, which assigns PT TWC to use the zone as a partner in the use of state assets or in human-resource or management cooperation.[4:1] PT TWC governs zone 2 directly and must keep the building coverage ratio there at no more than 4 per cent.[4:2] In zones 3 to 5, governance follows asset ownership, and the owners may be the central, regional or village government, regional or village-owned enterprises, PT TWC, individuals or legal entities; PT TWC may govern assets it does not own through cooperation agreements, and otherwise assists, monitors and evaluates the owners in coordination with the regional government.[4:3] In cooperating with third parties, PT TWC is to give priority to cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, artisans and regional and village-owned enterprises.[13] It coordinates with the central government, the Central Java provincial government and Magelang district government, village governments and the Borobudur tourism authority.[13:1]
PT TWC must inventory the potential of the complex, prepare a management plan guided by the national tourism destination master plan for Borobudur, Yogyakarta and Prambanan, carry out social and environmental responsibility programmes, and build an integrated information system for permits in every zone.[5:1] In zones 1 and 2 it must provide and operate facilities, issue guidelines on granting and revoking permits for activities and placements, maintain security, order, cleanliness and amenity, and apply visitor quotas and procedures for zone 1 in coordination with the ministries responsible for culture and religion.[5:2] Its management plan is reviewed by the coordination team and takes effect after approval by the steering council of the Borobudur tourism authority.[5:3]
Pasal 17 gives PT TWC the right to set and collect entrance fees for zone 2 and charges for the use of facilities, and to grant and revoke permits for activities and placements in zones 1 and 2, and in zones 3 to 5 where an agreement so provides.[5:4] Its permit guidelines and fees are set after guidance from the coordination team, which must respond within thirty working days, failing which the existing fees apply.[14]
The assignment for zone 1 takes the form of a cooperation agreement between the culture ministry and PT TWC, which fixes each party's share as a nominal amount or a percentage; the ministry's share is non-tax state revenue (penerimaan negara bukan pajak), a subject treated at public finance and non-tax revenue in Indonesia.[5:5] Revenue from zone 2 belongs wholly to PT TWC, revenue in zones 3 to 5 follows the agreements with asset owners, and activities in zones 2 to 5 may be subject to regional taxes or levies.[5:6]
A coordination team for the governance of the complex, established by the coordinating minister responsible for tourism, supervises implementation and includes at least the ministries responsible for state finance, culture, state-owned enterprises and tourism.[6:1] PT TWC reports in writing to the team at least twice a year, at the start of each semester, on protection, development and use of the complex; the team evaluates the reports for the steering council of the Borobudur tourism authority, which reports to the President at least once a year.[7:1] The achievement of quality tourism indicators is measured yearly by a third party appointed by PT TWC and reviewed by the team.[15] The head of the government agency responsible for supervising state and regional finance and national development assists PT TWC in its assignment, audits its assignment reports and coordinates internal supervision with the internal auditors of the ministries and state-owned enterprises concerned.[16]
PT TWC's assignment is to follow the implementation guidelines in the annex and technical guidelines on methods of use and priority plant species, which the coordinating minister was to issue within six months of promulgation.[15:1] The annexed guidelines cover the area and scope of use, cultural heritage impact assessment, the method for measuring quality tourism indicators, rules on planting and plant maintenance, and coordination with regional and village governments.[15:2][10:1]
Agreements concluded by PT TWC under Keputusan Presiden 1/1992 remain valid until they expire and may be adjusted to the new regulation by mutual consent.[8:1] Pasal 25 revokes that decree so far as it governed the Borobudur Temple Complex, and Pasal 26 brings the regulation into force on promulgation.[8:2][1:1]
K125 · Work URI /akn/id/act/perpres/2024/101 · RegVault PERPRES_101_2024[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 26 and closing formula (Ditetapkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 September 2024; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 20 September 2024), Lembaran Negara 2024 No. 195. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, preamble, Menimbang huruf a to d and Mengingat (Pasal 4 ayat (1) of the 1945 Constitution). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 2 ayat (1) to (3) and Pasal 3 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 9 to Pasal 12. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 16 ayat (1) to (5), Pasal 17 and Pasal 18 ayat (1) to (6). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 15 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 20 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 24 and Pasal 25. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[E] "Integrated Governance of the Borobudur Temple Complex: PERPRES 101/2024", CRPG regulatory tracker, crpg.id, 19 April 2026. https://crpg.id/what-are-the-key-requirements-under-perpres-101-2024/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Lampiran, Pedoman Pelaksanaan Tata Kelola Kompleks Candi Borobudur, Bab I huruf A and the chapter headings of Bab I to Bab V. The held copy of the annex breaks off before its end. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 1 ayat (1) and (2). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 4 to Pasal 8. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 13 and Pasal 14. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 19 ayat (1) to (3). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 21 ayat (1) to (5) and Pasal 22 ayat (1) to (4). regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Perpres 101/2024, Pasal 23. regulation_id PERPRES_101_2024. ↩︎