| Full title | Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana |
|---|---|
| Citation | UU 24/2007 |
| Jurisdiction | Indonesia |
| Enacted by | President of Indonesia with the House of Representatives |
| Signed | 26 April 2007 |
| Promulgated | 26 April 2007 |
| Effective | 26 April 2007 |
Undang-Undang 24/2007 (Undang-Undang Nomor 24 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanggulangan Bencana) is the Indonesian statute on disaster management. It was signed by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and promulgated on 26 April 2007, taking effect the same day.[1][2] The law makes the central and regional governments responsible for disaster management, creates the National Disaster Management Agency (Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, BNPB) and regional disaster management agencies, and organises disaster management in three stages: before, during and after a disaster.[3][4][5]
The law defines disasters as natural, non-natural or social, and gives the government the power to determine the status and level of national and regional disasters against five indicators. A disaster emergency status is declared by the President for a national-scale disaster, a governor for a provincial one, and a regent or mayor for a district or city; once it is declared, the disaster agencies obtain facilitated access in nine areas, from deploying personnel to commanding other agencies.[6][7][8]
It also provides for the rights and duties of the public, the roles of business and international organisations, disaster funding including ready-use funds, supervision, dispute settlement and criminal offences.[9][10][11] The government regulation on the conduct of disaster management made under it is Peraturan Pemerintah 21/2008.[12] The law concerns the organisation of government and is treated here under public administration in Indonesia. CRPG published an analysis of its rules on national disaster status in December 2025.[13]
The law has 85 articles in thirteen chapters.[1:1] Its transitional provisions record that before it, a national coordinating board for disaster management (Badan Koordinasi Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana) was in place; the board continued its work until the BNPB was formed and was then dissolved. The BNPB was to be formed within six months of the law's entry into force and the regional agencies within one year, and implementing government regulations were due within six months.[14]
Pasal 3 grounds disaster management in principles including humanity, justice, equality before the law, environmental sustainability and science, and in operating principles including speed and accuracy, priority, coordination and integration, transparency and accountability, partnership, non-discrimination and non-proselytisation (nonproletisi). Its aims under Pasal 4 include protecting the public from disaster threats and ensuring that disaster management is planned, integrated, coordinated and comprehensive.[15]
Pasal 1 defines a disaster (bencana) as an event or series of events that threatens and disrupts people's lives and livelihoods, caused by natural or non-natural factors or by people, and resulting in loss of life, environmental damage, loss of property or psychological effects. Natural disasters include earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, floods, droughts, storms and landslides; non-natural disasters include technological failure, epidemics and disease outbreaks; and social disasters include social conflict between groups and terror. A disaster emergency status (status keadaan darurat bencana) is a condition set by the Government for a specified period on the recommendation of the agency charged with disaster management.[6:1]
The central and regional governments are responsible for disaster management (Pasal 5). The central government's responsibilities include disaster risk reduction and its integration into development programmes, protection of the public, meeting the rights of affected people and refugees to minimum service standards, recovery, and adequate budget allocations, including ready-use funds (dana siap pakai). Its powers under Pasal 7 include setting disaster management policy, determining the status and level of national and regional disasters, and setting policy on cooperation with other states and international bodies. The status determination takes account of five indicators: the number of victims, property losses, damage to infrastructure and facilities, the extent of the affected area, and socio-economic impact; further rules are to be set by presidential regulation.[3:1]
Pasal 10 establishes the BNPB as a non-departmental government body at ministerial level, with a steering element and an executive element. Professional members of the steering element are chosen through a fitness test by the House of Representatives. The BNPB sets guidelines and standards for disaster management, informs the public, reports to the President monthly in normal conditions and at any time in an emergency, and accounts for national and international aid. Regional governments form regional disaster management agencies at provincial and district or city level, with parallel functions, in coordination with the BNPB.[4:1]
Pasal 33 divides disaster management into three stages. In the pre-disaster stage, when no disaster is occurring, it covers disaster management planning, risk reduction, prevention, integration into development planning, disaster risk analysis, enforcement of spatial plans, education and training, and technical standards. Every high-risk development activity must be accompanied by a disaster risk analysis, whose requirements are set by the BNPB. Where a disaster may occur, the stage covers preparedness, early warning and mitigation.[5:1][16]
The emergency response stage covers rapid assessment of the location, damage and resources, the determination of emergency status, rescue and evacuation, meeting basic needs, protection of vulnerable groups, and prompt restoration of essential infrastructure and facilities.[17] Under Pasal 50, once an emergency status is declared, the BNPB and the regional agencies obtain facilitated access (kemudahan akses) in nine areas: deployment of personnel, equipment and logistics; immigration, customs and quarantine; licensing; procurement of goods and services; management of and accounting for money and goods; rescue; and command over sectors and agencies. Pasal 51 assigns the declaration of emergency status by scale of disaster: the President for the national scale, the governor for the provincial scale, and the regent or mayor for the district or city scale.[8:1] Basic needs under Pasal 53 include clean water and sanitation, food, clothing, health services, psychosocial services and shelter, and vulnerable groups under Pasal 55 are infants and children, pregnant or nursing mothers, persons with disabilities and older persons.[17:1]
The post-disaster stage consists of rehabilitation and reconstruction, whose details are left to government regulation.[18] Among the implementing rules, PP 21/2008 repeats the scale-based assignment of emergency declarations and lists the areas of facilitated access.[12:1]
Everyone has the right to social protection, education and training, information, participation in decisions affecting them and their community, and supervision of disaster management; people affected by a disaster have a right to help meeting their basic needs, and people affected by a disaster caused by construction failure have a right to compensation. The government may declare disaster-prone areas closed to settlement, and may revoke or reduce property rights with compensation.[9:1][19] Business entities and international and foreign non-governmental organisations may take part in disaster management, subject to reporting and humanitarian obligations.[9:2]
Funding is the shared responsibility of the central and regional governments. During an emergency the BNPB uses the ready-use funds provided in its budget, and directs the use of disaster aid across sectors. The governments provide compensation for death and disability, and people who lose their livelihood may receive soft loans for productive business.[10:1]
The central and regional governments supervise every stage of disaster management, including exploitation activities, spatial planning and financial management, and may request audits of public collections of donations.[20] Disputes are to be settled first by deliberation, and failing agreement in or out of court (Pasal 74).[21]
Chapter XI creates criminal offences. Negligently carrying out high-risk development without a disaster risk analysis that results in a disaster is punishable by three to six years' imprisonment and a fine of Rp300 million to Rp2 billion, with heavier penalties where property is lost or a person dies, and heavier again where the act is intentional. Intentionally obstructing the facilitated access under Pasal 50 is punishable by three to six years and a fine of Rp2 billion to Rp4 billion, and intentionally misusing disaster aid by life imprisonment or four to twenty years and a fine of Rp6 billion to Rp12 billion. Fines on corporations are trebled, and a corporation may lose its business licence or legal-entity status.[11:1]
K162 · Work URI /akn/id/act/uu/2007/24 · RegVault UU_24_2007[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 85 and closing formula (Disahkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 26 April 2007; Diundangkan di Jakarta pada tanggal 26 April 2007), Lembaran Negara 2007 No. 66. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU No. 24 Tahun 2007, JDIH BPK: enacted, promulgated and in force 26 April 2007, LN 2007 No. 66, TLN No. 4723. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/39901/uu-no-24-tahun-2007 ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 5 to 9. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 10 to 25. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 1 angka 1 to 4 and 19. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 7 ayat (1) huruf c, (2) and (3). regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 50 ayat (1) and (2) and Pasal 51 ayat (1) and (2). regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 26 to 30. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 60 to 62, 67 and 69. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 75 to 79. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Penanggulangan Bencana, Pasal 23 ayat (2) and Pasal 24. regulation_id PP_21_2008. ↩︎ ↩︎
[E] "Legal Framework for Determining National Disaster Status in Indonesia", CRPG, crpg.id, 7 December 2025. https://crpg.id/legal-framework-for-determining-national-disaster-status-in-indonesia/ (free sign-in required on crpg.id) The post carries a notice that it is AI-generated; it is cited for the record of the development, not for its legal content. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 82, 83 and 84. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 3 ayat (1) and (2) and Pasal 4. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 34, 35, 40 ayat (3), 41 and 44. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 48, 49, 53 and 55. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎ ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 57, 58 and 59. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 32. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 71 and 72. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎
[P] UU 24/2007, Pasal 74. regulation_id UU_24_2007. ↩︎